What two components must be added to water in order to make a buffer? How would you make an optimized buffer?

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Figure out whether whether the pH increases, decreases, or stays the same when the first substance mentioned in each of the multiple choices is added to a solution of the second substance and then pick the correct statement. a) When potassium bromide is added to a solution of potassium hydroxide the pH decreases.b) When NaNO2 is added to a solution of HNO2 the pH decreases.c) When NaNO3 is added to a solution of HCl the pH increases.d) When NaClO4 is added to a solution of NaOH the pH stays the same.e) When Ca(C7H5O2)2 is added to a solution of HC7H5O2 the pH decreases.

Help me answer this one question:

List three methods which you could use to determine the pH of an aqueous solution

Which of the following combination would make a good buffer? A. H2C4H4O6 + Na2C4H4O6 B. HCl + NaOH C. HCl + NaCl D. H2C4H4O6 + NaOH E. HNO3 + NaNO3 F. More than one of these

You could make an acetate buffer by titrating a solution of sodium acetate with ______ to reach the desired pH (HCl or NaOH).

Which of the following statements are TRUE of buffer solutions? 1. A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate. 2. A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. 3. A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small quantities of acid or base are added. O 1 and 2 only O 2 and 3 only O 1 and 3 only All of 1, 2, and 3 O None of these responses åpply.