What is the relative risk for the association between men and women vs COVID-19 infection? What do you conclude?
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A: In above table Given 95% CI for difference in mu men - mu women (-10.67,-1.13)
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A: Here use binomial theorem P = 0.09 q = 0.91 n = 5
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A: HI, as per our policy, we'll answer the first three subparts for you. Given:
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![COVID +
Women
200
Men
900
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- An epidemiologist found five cases of “big toe cancer” in the Yukon Territory. Because there were only a few cases, the epidemiologist decided to conduct a matched case-control study to determine whether shoe size larger than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer. Cases were individually matched to one control for daily activity, history of athlete’s foot, and history of ingrown toenails. The following data were gathered: Shoe size > 9 Pair Case Control 1 Yes No 2 No No 3 No Yes 4 Yes Yes 5 No Yes Compute the proper measure of association. Interpret your results. If you were to investigate a rare cancer in Lynchburg, where might you look for data? What would be necessary legally and ethically to be able to utilize this data set(s)? Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of Module/Week 3, and submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the same module/week. 1A recent study investigated the association between sudden cardiac death and smoking history in women from a large health system. The epidemiologist reviewed the electronic health records of women who died from sudden cardiac death (n=80) and women who died of non-cardiac causes (n=80). The investigator then reviewed these records for smoking history (smoking 1+ pack/day and smoking <1 pack/day) and identified the following results. Sudden Cardiac Death 38 42 Smoke 1+ pack/day Smoke <1 pack/day Calculate the most appropriate measure of association for these data (a)-round to the nearest tenth. Other Causes 10 70A research team is interested in the effect of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in reducing children’s disruptive behaviors for children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). The research team recruited 12 families with a child with DBD and interviewed the parents about the number of disruptive behaviors the child has at home. After three weeks' therapy, the research interviewed again about the child's disruptive behaviors. What is the research question? What is/are the variable(s)? Are they categorical or continual variables? What statistical test can be used to answer the research question?
- A study was conducted about the histopathological changes in the zebra fish ovaries after a chronic exposure to an antiviral drug used in COVID 19. The vacuolation of the interstitial tissues and the vitellogenic oocyte atresia of the fish exposed to the drug were assessed using histological scores. What type of variable is the histologic scores in this study?An ANOVA would help establish a cause-effect relationship true or false?Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer. The article “Study Links Hepatitis B and Cancer of Pancreas” by D. Grady, appeared in the September 29, 2008 issue of the NewYork Times. It reported that, for the first time, a study showed that people with pancreatic cancer are more likely than those without the disease to have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. The study by M. Hassan et al., titled “Association Between Hepatitis B Virus and Pancreatic Cancer” (Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 26, No. 28, pp. 4557–4562) compared 476 people who had pancreatic cancer with 879 healthy control subjects. All were tested to see whether they had ever been infected with the viruses that cause hepatitis B or hepatitis C. The results were that no connection was found to hepatitis C, but the cancer patients were twice as likely as the healthy subjects to have had hepatitis B. The researchers noted, however, that “. . . while the study showed an association, it did not prove cause and effect. More work…
- Since this research focuses on sleep habits in college students and its effect on mental health, we have proposed the research question to be what the prevalence of college student's mental health issues are due to poor sleeping habits.Previous research has shown that anxiety and depression can be two indicators of poor sleep habits in college students (Becker et al., 2018). As mentioned before, college students are also at risk of developing poor sleep habits because, as freshmen, they transition into a more significant workload than they are accustomed to doing. They are also given more freedom with their time. So, we predict a relationship between mental health and low amounts of sleep-in students. In contrast, the alternative outcome is that there will be no mental health problems arising as students lose sleep for long periods. Since getting good sleep allows us to function better throughout our days, we will likely see the impact bad quality and quantity of sleep will have on…IL-6 is a cytokine released as an immune response to infection. Elevated IL-6 is suggested to be predictive of severe illness with Covid-19. Suppose we wanted to conduct a study to see if this is true among patients with Covid-19 in Florida. Assuming from a previous studies in other areas of the US, the mean IL-6 id 8.13 pg/mL (s.d.= 5.98 pg/mL) among individuals with moderate disease and 7.66 pg/mL (s.d.= 4,97 pa/mL) among individuais that are asymptomatic or have mild illness, how many people in total, would need to enroll in our new study to determine if there is a difference in means with 99% confidence and 80% power? A. 942 B. 1,212 C 1,054 D. 1,650You think that there might be a relationship between stress for Middle Schoolers and the number of after-school activities that the student participates in. Conduct an ANOVA with an 8-step hypothesis on the following data to find if there if there is a significant relationship occurring. # of after school activities Stress Scores 0 1 0 2 0 8 1-2 3 1-2 10 1-2 4 1-2 2 1-2 6 3 or more 9 3 or more 8 3 or more 3
- How does having less number of replications affect the distribution of the estimators?Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?This research was conducted with Korean adolescents in the Los Angeles area. Would you be willing to generalize the results of this study to Korean adolescents who live in other regions of the country? Why or why not.
