Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Imagine you are studying a population of clownfish and have genotyped two biallelic loci. The first locus has alleles with frequencies 0.5 and 0.5 in the population. The second locus has alleles with frequencies 0.2 and 0.8. You have genotyped one young fish at these two loci.
a. What is the probability that we can exclude a father as the true parent (assuming that he is not the true parent)?
b.If you could genotype a third locus to increase your probability of paternal exclusion, would you prefer a locus with allele frequencies of 0.55/0.45 or 0.2/0.8? Why?
c.Is the power from part a) good enough to use for a paternity exclusion study without adding other loci? Why or why not?
Answer a. The probability that a father can be excluded as a parent is 0.1344
Answer b. Because here since this probability exclusion is greater than 0.1344 thus, 0.55/0.45 is most preferred.
Answer c. No, the part "a" is not good enough to use for a study without adding other loci as there should be two loci be present to find the paternity exclusion study, a single allele or locus cannot find the result accurate.
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