What is the peroxide effect? What does it mean when there is a reversal of orientation? Detailed answers are appreciated

Provide mechanisms for the reactions below, Include relevant resonance structures to describe charge stabllization.

None

In the formation of phenyl-isothicyanite, orbitals on C, S, and N overlap to form bonds involving these elements. N - sp2; C – sp3; S – sp3 ON-sp2; C – sp3; S - sp3 ON- sp; C - sp; S – sp3 ON- sp2; C – sp2; S – sp2

“Mango-globin” is a hemoglobin variant in which the iron atoms in each subunit have been substituted with manganese atoms. Mango-globin binds to oxygen at very high partial pressures, but does not exhibit any cooperativity. Propose an explanation for this observation. (Hint: the ionic radius of Fe2+ is 77 pm; the ionic radius of Mn2+ is 82 pm.) The free energy change for a chemical reaction is defined as follows: ∆?!= ∆? ̊!+ RT ln [products] / [reactants] When a reaction is at equilibrium, ∆G’ = 0, and this expression simplifies to: ∆? ̊!= −RT ln [products] / [reactants] At equilibrium, the ratio of product to reactant concentrations is nothing more than the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reaction. Under these conditions: ∆G ̊’ = -RT ln Keq

Draw the reaction coordinate diagram for a reaction that is thermodynamically favoured, but kinetically disfavoured. Give an example discussed in class of such a reaction for an allotrope of a Group 14 element (not a molecule). Why is the reaction kinetically unfavourable? What thermodynamic factors FAVOUR the reaction, in Gibbs-Helmholtz terms, and why?