Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Determining the Oxidation Number of Phosphorus in H₃PO₄
One of the key concepts in understanding oxidation-reduction reactions is determining the oxidation numbers of elements in a compound. Here, we'll explore how to find the oxidation number of phosphorus in the chemical formula H₃PO₄.
#### Question:
What is the oxidation number of phosphorus in H₃PO₄?
#### Options:
- ⭕ -3
- ⭕ +3
- ⭕ +5
- ⭕ +4
#### Explanation:
1. **Oxidation States and Rules**:
- The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule must be zero.
- Hydrogen (H) typically has an oxidation number of +1.
- Oxygen (O) typically has an oxidation number of -2.
2. **Determining the Oxidation Number**:
- Let's denote the oxidation number of phosphorus (P) as \( x \).
- In H₃PO₄:
- There are three hydrogen atoms, each with an oxidation number of +1.
- There are four oxygen atoms, each with an oxidation number of -2.
The equation based on the sum of oxidation numbers is:
\[
3(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0
\]
3. **Calculation**:
- This simplifies to:
\[
3(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0 \\
3 + x - 8 = 0 \\
x - 5 = 0 \\
x = +5
\]
Therefore, the oxidation number of phosphorus in H₃PO₄ is **+5**.
#### Correct Answer:
- ⭕ +5
Understanding these fundamental calculations is crucial for mastering topics in redox chemistry. This practice problem helps solidify the basic principles behind oxidation states, essential for more advanced studies.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc7392a9d-ee4e-4113-86f6-910a06062102%2F8442a0bf-6aad-4e88-a92e-ac65b652d0bf%2F1usfmgg_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Determining the Oxidation Number of Phosphorus in H₃PO₄
One of the key concepts in understanding oxidation-reduction reactions is determining the oxidation numbers of elements in a compound. Here, we'll explore how to find the oxidation number of phosphorus in the chemical formula H₃PO₄.
#### Question:
What is the oxidation number of phosphorus in H₃PO₄?
#### Options:
- ⭕ -3
- ⭕ +3
- ⭕ +5
- ⭕ +4
#### Explanation:
1. **Oxidation States and Rules**:
- The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule must be zero.
- Hydrogen (H) typically has an oxidation number of +1.
- Oxygen (O) typically has an oxidation number of -2.
2. **Determining the Oxidation Number**:
- Let's denote the oxidation number of phosphorus (P) as \( x \).
- In H₃PO₄:
- There are three hydrogen atoms, each with an oxidation number of +1.
- There are four oxygen atoms, each with an oxidation number of -2.
The equation based on the sum of oxidation numbers is:
\[
3(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0
\]
3. **Calculation**:
- This simplifies to:
\[
3(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0 \\
3 + x - 8 = 0 \\
x - 5 = 0 \\
x = +5
\]
Therefore, the oxidation number of phosphorus in H₃PO₄ is **+5**.
#### Correct Answer:
- ⭕ +5
Understanding these fundamental calculations is crucial for mastering topics in redox chemistry. This practice problem helps solidify the basic principles behind oxidation states, essential for more advanced studies.
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