Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Applications of Molecular Spectroscopy
When light sources pass through the diffraction grating then light splits into different wavelengths. The light source produces two types of patterns that are shown as destructive and non-destructive. The light source is in the form of quanta that is qua…
Question
A)sp B)sp2 C) sp3
**Understanding Hybridization Around the Nitrogen Atom** In the image provided, we are asked to determine the hybridization around the nitrogen atom in the given molecular structure. Here is the molecular structure diagram: ``` H | H — N — H | H ``` **Hybridization Explanation:** The nitrogen atom (N) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H). To find the hybridization state of the nitrogen atom, we need to consider the number of bonds and lone pairs around the nitrogen. **Steps to Determine Hybridization:** 1. **Count the Sigma Bonds and Lone Pairs:** - Nitrogen has three sigma bonds (one for each N-H bond). - Nitrogen also has one lone pair of electrons. 2. **Total Hybridization (Steric Number):** - The steric number is counted as the sum of sigma bonds and lone pairs. - In this case: 3 sigma bonds + 1 lone pair = 4 3. **Hybridization State:** - A steric number of 4 corresponds to sp³ hybridization. Therefore, the nitrogen atom in the molecule shown is **sp³ hybridized**. **Molecular Geometry:** - The molecular geometry around an sp³ hybridized atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair is **trigonal pyramidal**. This fundamental knowledge of hybridization is crucial in understanding molecular structures and bonding in chemistry studies.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Hybridization Around the Nitrogen Atom** In the image provided, we are asked to determine the hybridization around the nitrogen atom in the given molecular structure. Here is the molecular structure diagram: ``` H | H — N — H | H ``` **Hybridization Explanation:** The nitrogen atom (N) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H). To find the hybridization state of the nitrogen atom, we need to consider the number of bonds and lone pairs around the nitrogen. **Steps to Determine Hybridization:** 1. **Count the Sigma Bonds and Lone Pairs:** - Nitrogen has three sigma bonds (one for each N-H bond). - Nitrogen also has one lone pair of electrons. 2. **Total Hybridization (Steric Number):** - The steric number is counted as the sum of sigma bonds and lone pairs. - In this case: 3 sigma bonds + 1 lone pair = 4 3. **Hybridization State:** - A steric number of 4 corresponds to sp³ hybridization. Therefore, the nitrogen atom in the molecule shown is **sp³ hybridized**. **Molecular Geometry:** - The molecular geometry around an sp³ hybridized atom with 3 sigma bonds and 1 lone pair is **trigonal pyramidal**. This fundamental knowledge of hybridization is crucial in understanding molecular structures and bonding in chemistry studies.
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