What is the difference between genetic horizontal gene transfers: transformation, transduction, conjugation, and transposition?

The following two sequences represent the same gene from two different species: Assume that all changes in the third position are synonymous and all in the first and second positions are nonsynonymous. a) How many synonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene?  b) How many nonsynonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene?  c) How many synonymous substitutions are there between species?  d) How many nonsynonymous substitutions are there between species?  e) What is the dN/dS ratio?  f) What does the dN/dS ratio tell you about the evolution of this sequence?  Finally, It has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?

Microbiology, Horizontal Gene Transfer Describe the role of recombination in gene transfer: which mechanisms require recombination? What happens if recombination cannot occur? What, specifically, is required for recombination to occur?

Why can transfer of DNA by conjugation cross genus lines, whereas transfer of DNA by natural transformation or phage transduction is usually limited to a few closely related organisms?