What is the degree of curve of shear AB?

Derive plane stress transformation equations

Question 4 A bar of uniform cross section 40 mm x 65 mm is subject to an axial tensile force of 45 kN applied at each end of the bar. Determine the normal and shearing stresses acting on a plane inclined at 11° to the line of action of the axial loads. Attach File

Determine and draw the curves of the cohesive forces of the beams in the following questions.