What is micropropogation? Mention its advantages.

Q: Explain in detail, the stages of micropropagation.

A: Micropropagation is a method of asexual propagation of plants. An entire plant that is identical to…

Q: What is reverse DNA gyrase and why is it importantto hyperthermophiles?

A: Hyperthermophiles are high temperature loving bacteria. Most common of them is Thermotoga maritima.…

Q: Why is GAPDH not be a suitable loading control for nuclear extracts?

A: * In many molecular biology assays, such as Western blotting, the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde…

Q: What are the different categories of cell viability assays? Describe one of them briefly. Define the…

A: Cell viability assays are the assays which are mainly used to determine or find out the number of…

Q: How does the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide synthesis differ from the de novo synthesis…

A: Nucleic acids are biomolecules which store and transfer genetic information. Nucleic acids are…

Q: You take 10 ml of a stock solution, which is at a concentration of 1000 phage/ml, and dilute it to a…

A: A serial dilution is a laboratory technique that uses a series of consecutive dilution steps to…

Q: How can we identify a noncompetitive inhibitor?

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in catalyzing or speeding up biological reactions by…

Q: Outline the significance of phenol degrading bacteria and how else could bacteria be characterized…

A: Microorganisms play an important role in bioremediation. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms…

Q: How could you isolate mitochondria from liver cells using differential centrifugation?

A: Isolated mitochondria are used to perform several functions. This organelle is used to study…

Q: Explain the steps of preparing a cell culture stock from a T25 flask.

A: Cell culture is the specialized process used in molecular biology to remove cells from plants and/or…

Q: Based on the same two strains of E. coli from the previous question, why do you see growth in the…

A: Ampicillin is a penicillin type of antibiotic substances containing medium So the  strain II can…

Q: Describe a feature of Rhizobium radiobacter that makes it a useful tool in biotechnology.

A: The process named nitrogen fixation states the change of atmospheric nitrogen. The atmospheric…

Q: In the figure below on the left, label the P, QRS and T waves. Describe what is happening in the…

A: The electrical activities of heart are traced with the help of electrocardiogram. Under normal…

Q: Why are b- lactam antibiotics only bactericidal to growing bacteria?

A: Beta-lactam antibiotics are the antibiotics that are bactericidal, which means they kill bacteria.…

Q: How do transporons contribute to drug resistance?

A: The above question explanation is given below.

Q: How is bacterial transformation useful to us?

A: Bacterial transformation is the process of horizontal gene transfer where in the bacteria take up…

Q: What is the importance of lysogenic conversion in bacterial pathogenesis?

A: During the lysogenic cycle, the DNA of a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) is integrated…

Q: What is the purpose of the negative and positive control in the Disc diffusion assay? Why is it…

A: The disc diffusion assay is used to determine the susceptibility of test bacteria to different…

Q: Why does penicillin purification use a centrifugal extractor?

A: A Centrifugal extractor is a piece of laboratory equipment that uses rotors to mix two immiscible…

Q: What is the reason for using sterilized filter paper in CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE (CAM) Assay?

A: The formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels or endothelial cell progenitors is…

Q: explanation on how bacteria mycobacterium ulcerans should have the ability to be isolated and grown…

A: Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing mycobacterium that infects the skin primarily as well as…

Q: What do you mean by Roflumilast ?

A: The activity of the enzyme can be inhibited wither reversibly or irreversibly. Irreversible…

Q: what is the optimal growth conditions of E.coli in freshwater. discuss it in detail.

A: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the…

Q: A Hfr bacterium mates with an F- plasmid containing bacterium. What will be the type of bacteria…

A: High-frequency recombination (Hfr) cell is a bacterium that carries a conjugative plasmid ( F…

Q: Can you please explain the relative difficulty of achieving successful transformation of E. coli

A: The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another is called as the transformation. This…

Q: (c) State the media components required for Isolation of Actinomycetes and Antibiotic-Produ…

A: In general the media Casein Starch Agar (CSA) medium is used for actinomycetes isolation. It is…

Q: What is the mechanism of action of cisplantine as an anticancer agent?

A: Cisplantine is a chemotherapeutic drug. It has been used for treatment of numerous human cancers…

Q: TGF-beta treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar assay

A: TGF beta The transforming growth factor-beta is a cytokine a protein which is produced by all types…

Q: Why is it essential to add sodium azide to succinate dehydrogenase assay  solution? What is the…

A: In laboratories various assays are carried out for the determination of functionality of various…

Q: What other method could be used to purify lysozyme from white using its unusual pl?

A: The unique charge properties of lysozyme with a very high pI of about 10.5 can be used in the…

Q: Please briefly explain the initiation of trancription in bacteria

A: Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. In…

Q: Then there are the drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways. Describe how sulfa drugs act to prevent…

A: Sulfa drugs, also known as sulphonamide, are a type of synthetic antibiotics. It is used in the…

Q: Why differential centrifugation have poor yield, poor resolution and the fact that preparations…

A: The technique that involves centrifugal forces and aids in the separation of contents of any mixture…

Q: subcellular fractionatio

A: Centrifugation:  Molecules with different densities are separated by rotating them in a solution…

Q: How can agarose gel electrophoresis process be imporved? What are ways to do it?

A: Electrophoresis means the migration of a charged particle under the influence of an applied electric…

Q: In bacterial transforamtion, how should P+ and P- tubes look like after a successful transformation?

A: The tranformation process refers to introduction of foreign DNA in the bacteria cells. It is a type…

Q: What are the reagents found in a restriction enzyme digestion buffer? What are the roles of these…

A: Restriction enzymes are enzymes that recognise and cleave DNA at or near specific DNA sequences.…

Q: Does the addition of E. coli change the dilution in the calculation of PFU/mL in the original phage…

A: Plaque refers to the clear or visible zone formed by the viral sample when it is introduced to the…

Q: How do nucleotide analogs function as therapeutic agents? Explain the mechanism with specific…

A: FUNCTION 1. Nucleotide analogs are nucleotides and which contains a nucleic acid analogs,sugar and a…