what is means cross-contamination in animal cell culture?

Q: What is molecular pharming? Compared with the production of proteins by bacteria, why might it be…

A: The production of foreign proteins by bacteria involves selection of the desired gene, incorporation…

Q: Does each colony represent a pure colony? How will you prove your answer? Explain why an isolated…

A: A "colony" is a collection of bacteria, fungus, and other microbes cultivated on a solid agar media…

Q: How does subcellular centrifugation exactly work? At slower speeds, do the smaller/less dense…

A: Introduction: Subcellular centrifugation is a centrifugation technique that is used in the isolation…

Q: In the name E. coli 4X5B, which part is called the serotype, serovar, or strain?     E     coli…

A: A microbe is a living entity that is so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Microbiology…

Q: In the experiment of Figure shown, Lederberg and Tatum could notdiscern whether met+ bio+ genetic…

A: Introduction  Minimal media: any media which contains only basic material or nutrient for growth of…

Q: Why is the cell membrane described as a "fluid mosaic

A: A cell is a structural and functional unit of life. The structure and function of a cell have been…

Q: Define fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

A: Molecular biology techniques are the techniques that are used to study, quantify, analyze and record…

Q: Why is pure culture and culture collection important in identifying novel species of bacteria?

A: A pure culture is a population of cells or multicellular organisms growing in the absence of other…

Q: How could you isolate mitochondria from liver cells using differential centrifugation?

A: Isolated mitochondria are used to perform several functions. This organelle is used to study…

Q: Explain the steps of preparing a cell culture stock from a T25 flask.

A: Cell culture is the specialized process used in molecular biology to remove cells from plants and/or…

Q: describe  fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

A: Molecular biology techniques are the techniques that are used to study, quantify, analyze and record…

Q: How is isotype IgA radioactive decay used?

A: The branch of medicine known as nuclear medicine deals with the use of radioisotopes in the field of…

Q: If the seven-digit code that is tabulated cannot be found in the Profile Determination Table, what…

A: The bacterial identification is important to ensure that the unknown bacterial strain is correctly…

Q: Why does conjugation occur in bacteria?

A: Conjugation is a process of transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to the another cell…

Q: What is secondary cell culture?

A: Secondary culture is a subculture of the primary culture. All the cells grown in the Petri dish…

Q: Why do bacteria undergo conjugation?

A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…

Q: Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used to label bacteriophage in Hershey and Chase's…

A: Alfred Hershey and Martha chase did so in order to label the protein coat of virus with radioactive…

Q: How can we steralize Animal cell in culture?

A: Sterlisation is the process of removal of any microorganisms present in vegetative or spore form.…

Q: What is the biological benefit(s) to the organism to have detachment induced cell death?

A: Anoikis is the programmed cell death that occurs in cells that detach from the surrounding…

Q: Can the presence and absence of capsules in bacteria be used to identify unknown bacteria? YES OR…

A: Glycocalyx is present external to the cell wall as an outermost covering of bacteria. It protects…

Q: When using a probe to detect an organism, why is it necessary to have some idea as to the organism’s…

A: DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms. Each organism has a unique DNA sequence. Using…

Q: "what is the reason for forming mucoid colonies in some types of bacteria?"

A: Microscopic organisms develop on strong media as provinces. A settlement is characterized as an…

Q: What are the steps of bacterial artificial transformation?

A: Transformation of bacteria and certain other cells is a versatile tool in genetic engineering. The…

Q: Define the following termonologies in brief  1.Cellular Permeability  2.Fluorescence in situ…

A: INTRODUCTION Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea,…

Q: Explain the reason that the obtained organism is either a bacterium or eukaryotes.

A: The reason that the obtained organism is either a bacterium or eukaryotes

Q: t is the principle of gel electrophoresis?

A: The purity of isolated nucleic acids is determined using electrophoresis.

Q: What are bacteria? what is bacterial culture? how to grow bacteria and why? why are there so many…

A: As per the honour code, we are entitled to do only three subparts of a multipart question. So, i am…

Q: Why is  Neurospora a good test organism?

A: Neurospora is a genus of fast-growing orange-red fungus, which lives mainly in tropical and…

Q: Why is bacterial conjugation important?

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms like…

Q: If Microbe A and Microbe B have whole genome similarity of 68%, as determined by DNA-DNA…

A: DNA full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the main constituent of the chromosome. It contains…

Q: what are all types of Bacterial Conjugation.

A: Bacteria are minute, single-celled creatures that may be found in large numbers in all environments,…

Q: How to isolate cell membrane from K562 cell lines?

A: K562 is a cell line of human chronic myelogenous leukaemia initially obtained from the bone marrow…

Q: why do we used Living cell microsope for?

A: Microscope is an instrument that is used to observe objects that are too small to be seen by our…

Q: What is [are] good reason[s] for plating a mixture of bacteria so as to form colonies? Select all…

A: A mixture of bacteria is encountered everywhere in nature, in environmental as well as in clinical…

Q: What is the purpose of Punnet square?

A: An allele is a variant of a gene. For example, tall and dwarf are two different alleles of the gene…

Q: What is the distinguishing feature that identifies prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?

A: On the basis of organization of DNA, cells are classified into two types - prokaryotic and…

Q: What is micropropagation?

A: Tissue culture technique involves growing cells or tissues in an artificial medium, which is…

Q: During the Ames test, his− bacteria are exposed to a mixture of chemical compounds extracted from…

A: The Ames test, named for its developer, Bruce Ames, is a method to test chemicals for their…

Q: What is the purpose of conjugation in bacteria?

A: Horizontal gene transfer is the process through which an organism incorporates its genetic material…

Q: Explain why an isolated colony and a pure culture are not the samething.

A: The isolation techniques: It consists of separation of bacterial cells from other cells from mixed…

Q: What is bacterial conjugation and how was it discovered?

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is defined as the exchange of genetic material between organisms.…

Q: Where did the fluid mosaic name come from in cell membranes?

A: The cell membrane can also be called the plasma membrane. It is present in all living cells.

Q: outline a protocol of cell culture techniques from call thawing to incubating.

A: Cryopreservation is a type of cell culture in which cells are freezer and stored.  Cryopreservation…

Q: What occurs in bacterial conjugation?

A: Conjugation is a process of genetic recombination in bacteria in which the donor bacterial cell…

Q: Why do we use an Electron Scanning Microscope to see bacteriophages over other microscopes?

A: Microscopes are laboratory and scientific instrument that are used to enlarge objects and specimens…

Q: why is Lysozyme treatment useful in bacterial cell lysis when protien isolation is happening.

A: Lysozyme is a enzyme found in many human secretions like tears, saliva etc. that function as…

Q: What technique is used to stain bacteria? Who developed this technique?

A: Microorganisms are such small living organisms that are less than 0.1 mm, and can be seen only under…

Q: How can the information for specifying an organism be carried in chemical form, and how can the…

A: The ability to store and transmit information is crucial for the survival of any organism. In order…

Microbial Growth

The development of microbial growth is influenced by various natural conditions (both physical and synthetic) like pH, temperature, saltiness, gas focus (O2, CO2, and H2), nutrients, water action, and assimilation. Knowing the distinctive physical and chemical factors that influence the development and endurance of microbial growth in the climate will assist with reinforcing endeavors outfitted towards their control. These lines lessen or diminish their harmful impacts on humankind, creatures, and the climate.