What is decarboxylation?  Give examples of two stages in aerobic respiration when this occurs.

How many ATP molecules are made after the aerobic respiration and what is the net energetic gain of the process?

Why is acetyl-CoA considered a “strategic intermediate” in respiration?

What is anaerobic cellular respiration? What are two ways it differs from aerobic respiration?

Lactic acid is a biproduct formed at the end of anaerobic respiration. This molecule is dangerous to cells of the body if it builds up too much. Despite this, the formation of lactic acid is very important. Explain why the process of anaerobic respiration is so important (providing reference to glycolysis, the role of coenzymes, and ATP formation).

Calculate the ATP yields in respiration given a certain type of substrate and process. Some common substrates and the place in the aerobic pathway where they insert:2-carbon amino acids @ Acetyl CoA3-carbon amino acids @ Pyruvate4-carbon amino acids @ Succinate5-carbon amino acids @ a-ketoglutarateFatty acids oxidized into 2-carbon units that enter @ Acetyl CoAGlycerol enters at glyceraldehyde phosphate 1) a) A dipeptide containing a 4-carbon amino acid and a 5-carbon amino acid b)A dipeptide containing a 4-carbon amino acid and a 5-carbon amino acid c)A 20-unit polypeptide (each unit = a 2-carbon amino acid)

Where in respiration is the most ATP produced?

what is the oxidative respiration equation? Is oxidative respiration and aerobic respiration the same thing?

List (in order) the steps of aerobic respiration when glucose is oxidized as the fuel source and briefly describe what is happening during each step.

What is the advantage of converting pyruvate into lactate in skeletal muscle?