What happens to Vital Capacity of someone with emphysema? a. Vital capacity stays the same, because there is no change in gas exchange. b. Vital capacity is increased because larger air pockets allow more gas exchange. c. Vital capacity is decreased because larger air pockets allow less gas exchange.

What type of artificial tracheal airway should be used for the following clinical situations? If more than one option is indicated, include all appropriate choices with an explanation. E. Patient with dysphagia and chronic aspiration: F. Patient with a fractured jaw G. An alert stroke patient who cannot cough

Alan has been smoking for the past 20 years and has been experiencing some shortness of breath and a cough. His physician, Dr. Anthony, sees him. The physician orders a lung capacity test and a chest X-ray. What is the principal cause of emphysema?

What can impair gas exchange in the lungs?    Select 2 correct answer(s)     Reduced alveolar surface area   Decreased thickness of the alveolar membrane   Increased thickness alveolar membrane   Increased alveolar surface area

What is the mechanism of the disease, emphysema? What is the primary cause? Explain why people with this disorder have difficulty breathing properly and performing adequate gas exchange.

Emphysema would have the greatest impact on which respiratory volume?

What happens inside the lungs during emphysema? a. Tiny alveoli fuse into larger cavities, decreasing surface area for gas exchange. b. Tiny alveoli fuse into large cavities, increasing surface area for gas exchange.

You would expect an individual with emphysema to demonstrate which of the following? 1.  lowered arterial pH (more acidic arterial blood) 2.  lowered arterial dissolved oxygen (less oxygen dissolved in the plasma - low PO2 value) 3.  higher lung compliance 4.  lowered FEV1/FVC ratio or percentage Choose from the following: (A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 2 and 4 (E) 3 and 4 (F) 1, 3 and 4 (G) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Match each term in Column I with its function or description in Column II. COLUMN I COLUMN II 1. respiratory control a. inspiratory reserve volume b. amount of air that moves in and out with each breath 2. oxidation c. elular respiration 3. vagus nerve 4. breathing 5. tachypnea 6. diaphragm 7. intercostal muscles 8. tidal volume 9. residual volume 10. pressure in the pleural space j. abnormal rapid shallow breathing d. located in the medulla e. ventilation f. difficult or labored breathing g. becomes flattened and moves downward during inhalation h. air that cannot be forcibly removed i. less than atmospheric pressure k muscles between the ribs that contract during inhalation 1. inhibits inspiration and stimulates expiration

Describe the differences between internal respiration and external respiration. explain how the parietal pressures influence the direction of gas exchange for both carbon dioxide and oxygen, using labeled diagrams of each to help in your description. make sure you include the structures involved (alveoli, capillaries, etc.) and the factors that affect gas exchange such as surface area, lung surfactant, etc. include a description of how emphysema affects this process.