What factors are important in the emergence or reemergenceof potential pathogens?

Q: Explain Major portals of exit of infectious diseases.

A: Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. This may…

Q: Diff erentiate between true noncoliform enteric pathogens and opportunistic genera.

A: Family Enterobacteriaceae include all gram negative bacteria that are mostly pathogenic to humans.…

Q: Explain the factors contributing to pathogenicity and virulence of microbes.

A: Not all microbes are pathogenic, only the microbes having the potential to cause disease is known as…

Q: What is the significance of S. aureus/MRSA as a normal flora species in the development of potential…

A: Staphylococcus aureus It is part of the normal human flora(bacteria that normally reside in or on…

Q: escribe the factors that contribute to the emergence or re-emergence of disease

A: Emerging diseases include the newly appeared disease in a population, but that disease is rapidly…

Q: Define disease and identify common sources and modes of disease transmission

A: Germs or pathogens are one of the main causes of disease. It is also known as microorganisms. When…

Q: Identify between vehicles and fomites and provide specific examples of each. What role does each…

A: Infectious agents such as germs and pathogens are likely to spread from one person to others. Many…

Q: What are opportunistic pathogens, facultative parasite and obligate parasites

A: Parasitism- It is a food relationship between organisms of two different species in which the…

Q: all

A: The EIDs denotes for the ecology of infectious diseases which is started in 1999 as a joint program…

Q: Explain the distinctions for different categories of outbreaks in relation to infectious diseases.

A: Infectious diseases are the type of disease which are caused by bacterial and viral agents. These…

Q: Differentiate between the terms, epidemic, pandemic, endemic, and sporadic diseases.

A: Epidemic or Pestilence: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) portrays a scourge as a…

Q: What circumstances can contribute to attenuation ofa pathogen?

A: Pathogens are the organisms that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and…

Q: Describe major ways that microorganisms damage their host.

A: A microorganism or microbe is defined as a living thing that is too small and tiny to be visualized…

Q: What is the difference between a disease vehicle and a diseasevector?

A: A disease vector is any agent that carries and and helps in transmitting an infectious pathogen into…

Q: Mention and explain two virulence factors of bacterial pathogens

A: Virulence factors are the molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa which…

Q: List three factors that contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases.

A: The term "chain of infection" refers to the order in which the infection spreads. It starts with the…

Q: Health-care-associated infections can arise from what generalsources?

A: HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS[HAI]:- also known as hospital infection,is an infection occurring…

Q: What are the insect vector, the natural host reservoir, and thetreatment for plague?

A: Plague is a type of infectious disease which is caused by Yersinia pestis bacterium. Generally the…

Q: spillover' mean

A:

Q: How epidemiology contributes to controlling disease transmission?

A: Epidemiology is the study of science that deals with the diseases in a particular population. It…

Q: How is the timing of a propagated epidemic related to the incubation period of the pathogen?

A: Epidemic refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease to a large number of people in a…

Q: Correlate zoonotic bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factors

A: Any infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human is known as…

Q: Define the terms primary pathogen, opportunist, and virulence.

A: When a pathogen or microorganism enters the body of another organism (host) it is termed as…

Q: What types of information do epidemiologists require to differentiatebetween incidence and…

A: Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and…

Q: what are  potential solutions to the worldwide problem ofdrug-resistant pathogens.

A: A drug is a substance which is prescribed to treat an infection or disease. It changes the…

Q: How do travel, immigration, and AIDS all affect the epidemiologyof parasitic infection?

A: Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or…

Q: Differentiate between common-source and propagated epidemics

A: Epidemic refers to a health emergency during which a particular type of disease develops in a…

Q: Explain the role of ' resident flora' in preventing infection and as source of infection

A: Resident flora are permanent residents of body sites especially the skin, oropharynx, colon, and…

Q: An epidemic may be detected by observing

A: Endemic is used to describe diseases that spreads rapidly to a large number of people of a given…

Q: Reveal the weakest link in the chain of infection

A: BASIC INFORMATION  INFECTIOUS AGENTS  It is pathogens or the microorganisms which are responsible…

Q: escribe three (3) methods by which pathogens are transmitted and give an example of each..

A: A pathogen is a disease-causing organism. Microbes are found in abundance in your body. These…

Q: What is a biological indicator organism? Using specific examples and specific contexts, explain how…

A: Biological indicator organism These are living organisms such as plants, animals, and microbes, that…

Q: Describe the differences among the portals of entry, and giveexamples of pathogens that invade by…

A: Infections are caused by the pathogen or infectious particles when they enter into the host…

Q: What is the differencebetween the concepts ofepidemic disease and endemicdisease?

A: The study of disease patterns in human populations is referred to as epidemiology. In epidemiology,…

Q: How did the human activities associated with the evolution of agriculture, domestication of…

A: Human beings are considered as one of the most skilled organisms .They are able to modulate the…

Q: What factors determine the outcome of most host-pathogen relationships?

A: On a cellular, molecular, organismal, or population level, the host-pathogen interaction is…

Q: What can an infection control practitioner do to control healthcare-associated infections?

A: An infection is caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, or parasites. These…

Q: Differentiate among the patterns of disease outbreaks accordingto frequency, number, and location.

A: Epidemiology is the study of disease transmission is the examination and investigation of the…

Q: Explain the Phenomena of Pathogenicity and virulence

A: Pathogenicity and virulence both terms are used relatively to define the relationship of host and…

Q: What is microbiome, and what are the interactions between the host's microbiome and infectious…

A: Microbiome refers to community of  microorganisms and their genes in a particular environment. human…

Q: Enumerate and define the reservoirs of infections

A: Any human, animal, plant, soil, or material in which an infectious agent usually persists and…

Q: Why might pathogens that have recently shifted hosts be more likely to cause pandemics?

A: Pathogens are a group of disease-causing organisms (virus, bacteria, or protozoans) that disturb the…

Q: What are the Five F’s and how do they relate to enteric pathogens?

A: Pathogens are the organisms that are capable of disrupting the normal physiological balance of an…

Q: Differentiate between a microbe’s pathogenicity and its virulence.

A: Microbes are minute living organisms that can be found all around us but cannot be seen with the…

Pathogenicity

Infection and Transmission

The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.