What distinctions exist between authentication and authorization? Some systems are capable of allowing authorisation without requiring authentication. There must be a justification for this, or explain why that isn't the case.

What distinguishes authorization from authentication? In certain systems, allowing authorisation without requiring authentication is possible. This must have a cause, or an explanation why it doesn't.

How can the advantages and disadvantages of various systems of authentication be separated in terms of security?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:  Discuss a cryptography attack scenario. Choose an attack and explain how it works. Be sure to choose one that hasn’t been mentioned by another classmate. What countermeasures would you apply? How do the countermeasures you would use compare to those your classmates recommended for the attacks they chose? What do those similarities or differences tell you about fighting these types of attacks?