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- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…Low insulin levels and low plasma amino acid levels Protein Catabolism Olher amino acids alpha-KG Glutamate Giutamne Gutamine Glutamate SO H Cystie)ine EGSH Cystfe)ineCyst(eline- Urea Skeletal Muscle Liver To the best of your abilities, explain the image above. Do not include other "unnecessary" things that you cannot see in the picture.
- Which of the following is FALSE about Insulin? O Zinc plays a role in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin and binds insulin in the hexameric form. O Type 2 diabetes patients are resistant to the effects of Insulin. O Animal-sourced insulin (taken from the pancreases of pigs) is currently the largest and safest source of insulin production. O Lispro insulin is fast acting because it is mutated to prevent dimerization.People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought to be a result of: the lack of increase in glucagons in the se individuals the presence of insulin in the individuals their obesity the fact that, their blood glucose levels do not tend to rise significantly Metabolic actions of insulin include all of the following except: increased glycogenesis decreased gluconeogenesis increased basal metabolic rate increased skeletal muscle amino acid up-take all of the above are metabolic actions of insulinBood Glucese Concentration (me/ Question 24 What is the correct behavior in case of this sugar level observed in this diagram treated with Not yet NPH insulin? answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question 12 16 20 24 Time (hrs) Me nine.Com Decrease the dose of insulin given before bedtime Wake the patient after 5 hours to take a small meal Increase the dose of insulin given before bedtime Remove giving insulin at night
- Which of the following are true about how pancreatic β cells sense blood glucose levels and release insulin? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices The first step of glycolysis (producing glucose 6-phosphate) is more efficient in pancreatic β cells than in muscle glucose transporters in pancreatic β cells have a higher affinity for glucose than the transporters in other tissues Increased production of ATP is used as a signal that blood glucose is high Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are high Increases in ATP open a K+ channel Influx of Ca2+ stimulates insulin releaseWhen blood sugar is ________ the islets of Langerhans release ________ in order to tell the cells of the body to start taking in and storing glucose. low; glucagon high; glucagon low; insulin high; insulinWhich of these enzymes/complexes will insulin activate in the liver? Choose all that apply. Glycogen synthase Glycogen phosphorylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Carnitine shuttle PFK-1 FBPase-1
- Which changes would be expected in a normal human after a meal rich in carbohydrates (select all that apply)? O increased secretion of the pancreatic hormone, insulin O increased glucose uptake in myocytes via glucose transporters increased activity of glucose 6-phosphatase in hepatocytes O increased activity of the liver enzyme, glucokinase O increased activity of GSK-3 in both myocytes and hepatocytesLantus differs from "normal" insulin in that: Select one: Oa. The usual insulin molecule has been combined with zinc isophane Ob. A glycine has been substituted in at A21, and two new arginines have been added as B31 and B32 *. An aspartic acid has been substituted for proline at B28 Od. A "C-peptide" chain has been added Oe The proline at B28 and the lysine at B29 have been reversedA patient has an insulin sensitivity factor of 1 unit of insulin per 30 mg/dl over 110 mg/dl. If their blood glucose prior to a meal is 220 mg/dl, how much insulin do they need to inject? (round to the nearest unit)
