What are the two regulatory mechanisms that govern the replicative capacity of cells growing in vitro and in vivo?

Q: What is an exconjugant? How do you think that exconjugants were obtained? (It might include genes…

A: Answer: Introduction: Conjugation is the process of transfer of DNA from one bacterium to other by…

Q: Give 4 examples of transcription factors / non-structural proteins you have learned in this course?…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions we solve the first two questions for you. To get the…

Q: For an aneugenic spindle poison, which is the molecular initiating event (MIE) along the proposed…

A: A spindle poison is also known as spindle toxin. It is a poison which creates disturbance in cell…

Q: What is the horizontal gene transfer? Briefly describe major mechanisms for the horizontal gene…

A: Horizontal gene transfer refers to the process by which an organism transfers its genetic to another…

Q: Microarray analysis has allowed scientist to A) sequenced the genome of a cell B) determine the…

A: Introduction: The final step in reading and processing data provided by a microarray chip is…

Q: What are the FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3?

A: FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3: These are part of the electron transport chain.  electron transport…

Q: How do we know that during transduction bacterial cell-to- cell contact is not essential?

A: Transduction is a process of genetic recombination by which a foreign DNA is transferred into a…

Q: Differentiate between genralized and specialized transduction?

A: Transduction is the process where bacterial DNA is transferred by bacteriophages (viruses) into the…

Q: How does quorum sensing work?

A: Quorum sensing is a way of communication between cells to respond at a certain population density by…

Q: Why is protein expression of recombinant DNA induced during the log phase of bacterial growth? Why…

A: Recombinant Protein is a protein that is encoded by a gene that has been cloned into a system that…

Q: What are the three general mechanisms for hori-zontal gene transfer?

A: Introduction Gene transfer is referred to the process in which the DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)…

Q: In the protoplast fusion experiment, name the physical barriers of a cell. How to overcome the…

A: Protoplast fusion can be defined as the process in which there is a fusion of the plants'…

Q: Why is it wrong to call the created elements cells?

A: Blood is a liquid connective tissue that flows within the blood vessels of the body. Blood is…

Q: What is the importance of MPF (maturation promoting factor) regulation? What happens if the…

A: MPF regulation: Maturation promoting factor(MPF) is the cyclin cdk complex which is discovered first…

Q: how can two cells with the exact same genome obtain different structures and functions?

A: Cells are not only characterised by their genome , but also by genes they express.  Cells have…

Q: A shuttle vector is a vector constructed so that it can propagate in two different host speci One of…

A: Shuttle vectors are mostly plasmid vectors that are compatible with two host cells thereby allowing…

Q: What genes maintain the pluripotency of PGCs before migration? What will promote their conversion…

A: PGCs or primordial germ cells are the precursors of gametes and are the first lineage of cells,…

Q: What is the difference between REGULATORY VS SUBSTRATE DEPENDENT PATHWAYs. consider WT, single…

A: There are two types of paths available. Regulatory routes and assembly or metabolic processes have…

Q: What are the functions of relaxase, coupling factor, and the exporter in the process of conjugation?

A: Transferring of genetic material from one bacteria to another by direct contact Relaxase enzyme…

Q: n ligand binds to a ligand gates ce closes e opens ns flow through gate is released

A: # Here I am answering only one question i.e. third . Please send questions one by one in the portal…

Q: Question 6: What do you think is the composition of the medium in the master plate (minimal, minimal…

A: Nutrient media A nutrient media is a medium that is used to support microbial growth in…

Q: How do you think the end results would be affected if the cells were not treated with a hypotonic…

A: Answer- Osmolarity of the cell changes according to the medium in which it is present in and their…

Q: Which of the following is used as a marker in YAC vectors? A) centromere B) X Gal C) auxotrophic…

A: In this question, we will explore the use of selectable markers in Yeast Artificial Chromosomes…

Q: Which gene encodes the enzyme at the upper boxed step in the pathway?   Which gene encodes the…

A: An auxotrophic mutant is a special kind of mutant organism that usually consists of a microbe such…

Q: You have created a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion to a protein that is normally secreted…

A: Protein secretory pathway has following steps: 1. Newly synthesized proteins are inserted into the…

Q: When ligand bin

A: 23) the correct answer is B) Animal cells respond to hormones produced by bacteria.   These hormones…

Q: cientists used a Rat6-Raf transformed cell line for the anchorage-independent growth control…

A: The Rat6-Raf cell line is a transformed cell line that contains an activated form of Raf. In this…

Q: What is a contig? How does CAP work to make a contig? How has CAP improved in the years since its…

A: The advancement of DNA sequencing technology has transformed genetics and genomics. Understanding…

Q: In their Nobel Prize-winning experiments, Beadle and Tatum exposed fungal spores to X-rays to induce…

A: In case genes were associated with biochemical catalysts, Beadle and Tatum contemplated that it…

Q: If a Drosophila is found to have axons that cross back and forth over the body's midline several…

A: Introduction  Drosophila, commonly known as fruit flies, is a genus of small flies belonging to the…

Q: Is quorum sensing a positive or negative feedback mechanism

A: Several bacterial species use this mechanism to regulate gene expression based on their population…

Q: A shuttle vector is a vector constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species. One…

A: Shuttle vector It refers to a vector—typically a plasmid—built to replicate in two separate host…

Q: Explain the process of converting the circular molecule into a linear vector ?

A: DNA is a double helical linear structure found in the eukaryotes. While plasmids are the circular…

Q: How do vertical and horizontal gene transfer differ?

A: Gene transfer is the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from one organism to another. It…

Q: A temperature-sensitive mutant allele of Ras causes the Ras protein to be fixed in the GDP-bound…

A: Introduction The various kinds of genes that have an abnormal function at higher temperatures and…

Q: pluripotent stem cells have allowed scientists to model various diseases and screen drugs in these…

A: The stem cells are the specific cells that can produce a complete plant or animal by the process of…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.