What are the relationship between water specs Conductivity, M-alcalinity, Ion chloride, Hardness, silica, iron, corrosion ions with cationic exchange resin based on water treatment plant (WTP) knowledge?

9. During the operation of an extruder in making thin-walled tubing several defects have been encountered that appear to be small globules of resin. Investigation of these globules reveals that they will soften but not melt when heated. Explain what these globules might be and suggest two possible remedies for eliminating them.

what does adding Na2O (a network modfifer) to B2O3 do to its structure of the glass

Civil

One common issue with air strippers is scaling due to hardness in the water. Please design an excess lime pre-treatment step to remove the water hardness (determine the softening chemical addition rates [mass/hour] of Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3) if the water chemistry is as follows [CO2] = 5 mg/l, [Ca2+] = 50 mg/L, [Mg2+] = 6.1 mg/L, [Na+] = 23 mg/L, [Alkalinity] = 150 mg/L and [SO42-] = 24 mg/L.