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What are the geographic similarities between the six early agrarian civilizations highlighted on the infographic?

What are the geographic similarities between the six early agrarian civilizations highlighted on the infographic?

Social Psychology (10th Edition)
Social Psychology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134641287
Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
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Study the Agriculture and Civilization Infographic and think about the following questions:
1. What are the geographic similarities between the six early agrarian civilizations highlighted on the infographic?

AGRICULTURE & CIVILIZATION A CLOSER LOOK AT FARMING IN SOME OF THE EARLIEST AGRARIAN CIVILIZATIONS 9000 BCE APPROXIMATE YEAR AGRICULTURE BEGAN The Fertile Cresent The Fertile Crescent was a wide expanse of land along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, and even into the Nile River Valley by some definitions. These river valleys, known as the "cradle of civilization," had rich soils in which crops flour- ished. Civilization first emerged in Mesopotamian cities like Babylon, Sumer, Ur, and Uruk in modern-day Iraq and in Jericho to the west. Egyptian civilization emerged in the Nile River Valley a bit later. By around 3200 BCE, civilizations in the Fertile Crescent were using the wheel and had developed the earliest known system of writing. barley flax wheat chickpeas lentils peas COWS dogs goats sheep 6000 BCE Indus River Valley Agriculture emerged in the Indus River Valley when foraging Harappan communities settled in the lush lands between the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountains in present- day Pakistan. Fertile soils and a steady water supply supported the cultivation of crops, and the river also provided transportation, enabling commerce. Eventually cities like Harappa, Lothal, and Mohenjo-Daro became centers of trade. The Indus River Valley civilization is thought to be among the first to develop a standardized system of weights and measures, including the use of finely calibrated rulers as early as 2400 BCE. Wheat GENUS: Triticum NUMBER OF SPECIES: 16 1st DOMESTICATION: Southeastern Turkey barley rice rye wheat cotton lentils peas chickens dogs pigs REGIONS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION Wheat is grown in more countries and on more land than any other cereal crop BIG HISTORY PROJECT 6500 BCE Yellow & Yangtze River Valleys The Yellow (or Huang He) River stretches nearly 3,000 miles across China, while the Yangtze River is almost 4,000 miles long. Both rivers flow east from the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan Mountains. The first farmers in China cultivated grasses in the vast floodplains and fertile river valleys formed by the Yangtze and the Yellow in eastern China. Chinese agriculture is known for its sericulture, the rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk to make fine fabrics. Eventually, demand for silk from China would help connect all of Afro-Eurasia in a system of trade routes called the Silk Road. millet rice wheat soybeans chickens goats sheep Rice GENUS: Oryza NUMBER OF SPECIES: 23 1st DOMESTICATION: Eastern China 28% CARBOYDRATES 3% PROTEIN 1% OTHER 68% WATER 6500 BCE Papua New Guinea The first human inhabitants of Papua New Guinea are thought to have arrived from Southeast Asia more than 40,000 years ago. The Pacific island receives plentiful rainfall and contains incredible biodiversity. Scientists estimate that between 5 and 10 percent of all of the planet's species live on Papua New Guinea. Human communities on the island were equally diverse, some taking on agriculture and some sustaining themselves solely as foragers. The region's first farmers (in the Western Highlands) used terraces with complex irrigation systems and practiced crop rotation to increase their yields. sugarcane bananas sago taro yams dogs pigs NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RICE Almost half of the world's population depend on rice as a primary food source 3500 BCE Mesoamerica Domestication of wild teosinte (which became maize, and eventu- ally corn) may have begun as early as 7000 BCE but the first organized agricultural villages emerged thousands of years later. Several different civilizations rose and fell in this region including the Olmec, which flourished from about 1600 BCE to 400 BCE; the Maya, which flourished from about 250 CE to 900 CE; and the Aztec, which reached its height just before its people were conquered by Spanish conquistado- res in 1520. These Mesoamerican cultures developed complex irrigation systems and produced skilled astronomers and poets. amaranth maize (corn) ramón (breadnut) beans cacao chilies papaya squash tomatoes dogs ducks turkeys Maize GENUS: Zea NUMBER OF SPECIES: 1 1st DOMESTICATION: Mesoamerica HUMAN FOODS I Andes I ANIMAL FEEDSTOCKS The first agricultural communities to emerge in South America populated the regions around the Andes Mountains. Diverse geography and high-altitude settlements supported beans, potatoes, and a hearty protein-rich grain called quinoa. Alpaca and llamas were domesti- cated as work animals and for their wool, which was woven into textiles. By the beginning of the 16th century, the Incas had established a vast empire with tremendous architecture such as Machu Picchu. Within a century, Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro had conquered Inca society. quinoa 3000 BCE beans coca potatoes 000000000 alpacas guinea pigs llamas ETHANOL PRODUCTION U.S. MAIZE (CORN) USAGE Of every 10 ears, humans consume 2, livestock consumes 4, and ethanol production uses 4
Transcribed Image Text:AGRICULTURE & CIVILIZATION A CLOSER LOOK AT FARMING IN SOME OF THE EARLIEST AGRARIAN CIVILIZATIONS 9000 BCE APPROXIMATE YEAR AGRICULTURE BEGAN The Fertile Cresent The Fertile Crescent was a wide expanse of land along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, and even into the Nile River Valley by some definitions. These river valleys, known as the "cradle of civilization," had rich soils in which crops flour- ished. Civilization first emerged in Mesopotamian cities like Babylon, Sumer, Ur, and Uruk in modern-day Iraq and in Jericho to the west. Egyptian civilization emerged in the Nile River Valley a bit later. By around 3200 BCE, civilizations in the Fertile Crescent were using the wheel and had developed the earliest known system of writing. barley flax wheat chickpeas lentils peas COWS dogs goats sheep 6000 BCE Indus River Valley Agriculture emerged in the Indus River Valley when foraging Harappan communities settled in the lush lands between the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountains in present- day Pakistan. Fertile soils and a steady water supply supported the cultivation of crops, and the river also provided transportation, enabling commerce. Eventually cities like Harappa, Lothal, and Mohenjo-Daro became centers of trade. The Indus River Valley civilization is thought to be among the first to develop a standardized system of weights and measures, including the use of finely calibrated rulers as early as 2400 BCE. Wheat GENUS: Triticum NUMBER OF SPECIES: 16 1st DOMESTICATION: Southeastern Turkey barley rice rye wheat cotton lentils peas chickens dogs pigs REGIONS OF WHEAT PRODUCTION Wheat is grown in more countries and on more land than any other cereal crop BIG HISTORY PROJECT 6500 BCE Yellow & Yangtze River Valleys The Yellow (or Huang He) River stretches nearly 3,000 miles across China, while the Yangtze River is almost 4,000 miles long. Both rivers flow east from the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan Mountains. The first farmers in China cultivated grasses in the vast floodplains and fertile river valleys formed by the Yangtze and the Yellow in eastern China. Chinese agriculture is known for its sericulture, the rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk to make fine fabrics. Eventually, demand for silk from China would help connect all of Afro-Eurasia in a system of trade routes called the Silk Road. millet rice wheat soybeans chickens goats sheep Rice GENUS: Oryza NUMBER OF SPECIES: 23 1st DOMESTICATION: Eastern China 28% CARBOYDRATES 3% PROTEIN 1% OTHER 68% WATER 6500 BCE Papua New Guinea The first human inhabitants of Papua New Guinea are thought to have arrived from Southeast Asia more than 40,000 years ago. The Pacific island receives plentiful rainfall and contains incredible biodiversity. Scientists estimate that between 5 and 10 percent of all of the planet's species live on Papua New Guinea. Human communities on the island were equally diverse, some taking on agriculture and some sustaining themselves solely as foragers. The region's first farmers (in the Western Highlands) used terraces with complex irrigation systems and practiced crop rotation to increase their yields. sugarcane bananas sago taro yams dogs pigs NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF RICE Almost half of the world's population depend on rice as a primary food source 3500 BCE Mesoamerica Domestication of wild teosinte (which became maize, and eventu- ally corn) may have begun as early as 7000 BCE but the first organized agricultural villages emerged thousands of years later. Several different civilizations rose and fell in this region including the Olmec, which flourished from about 1600 BCE to 400 BCE; the Maya, which flourished from about 250 CE to 900 CE; and the Aztec, which reached its height just before its people were conquered by Spanish conquistado- res in 1520. These Mesoamerican cultures developed complex irrigation systems and produced skilled astronomers and poets. amaranth maize (corn) ramón (breadnut) beans cacao chilies papaya squash tomatoes dogs ducks turkeys Maize GENUS: Zea NUMBER OF SPECIES: 1 1st DOMESTICATION: Mesoamerica HUMAN FOODS I Andes I ANIMAL FEEDSTOCKS The first agricultural communities to emerge in South America populated the regions around the Andes Mountains. Diverse geography and high-altitude settlements supported beans, potatoes, and a hearty protein-rich grain called quinoa. Alpaca and llamas were domesti- cated as work animals and for their wool, which was woven into textiles. By the beginning of the 16th century, the Incas had established a vast empire with tremendous architecture such as Machu Picchu. Within a century, Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro had conquered Inca society. quinoa 3000 BCE beans coca potatoes 000000000 alpacas guinea pigs llamas ETHANOL PRODUCTION U.S. MAIZE (CORN) USAGE Of every 10 ears, humans consume 2, livestock consumes 4, and ethanol production uses 4
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