What are the characteristics of mycorrhizal fungi that make them unique from tree roots in their ability to obtain nutrients and water? They have a higher surface area for absorbing nutrients and water They have enzymes capable of acquiring inorganic nutrients from organic matter They grow faster than tree roots They are carbon based They are much smaller than tree roots

The alteration of generations comes from the fact that the sporophyte generation and gametophyte generation occur alternately.   True   False   The gametophytes of mosses are much smaller than their sporophytes.   True   False   Gametophytes develop into gametes and sporophytes develop into spores.   True   False

Read these two statements about plant-fungal interactions, then pick the statement below that is TRUE. (A) Root fungi in phylum Ascomycota can cause plants to produce antioxidants that provide protection against the stress of drought, and plants feed carbon to the fungi in their roots. (B) Root fungi and plants have evolved mutual benefits through a long history of interaction, in which fungi that provided the greatest benefits to plants had the highest fitness because of the carbon the plants fed them, and plants that supported fungi had the highest fitness because of the protection provided by the fungi. (A) is a proximate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is an ultimate cause. O (A) is an ultimate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is a proximate cause. Understanding plant-fungal interactions would NOT require cost-benefit analysis because there are no fitness trade-offs. (A) is an innate behavior and (B) is a learned behavior. O O O O

Fern Sporophyte What is circinate vernation? Are the leaves on the fern simple or compound? Are ferns woody? Describe the economic and ecological value they have. Also are ferns useful as indicator species