Velocity distribution Shear stress or momentum- flux distribution AR R- Surface of zero momentum flux

Which of the following statement is TRUE? (A) Friction factor f in laminar flow depends on the Reynolds number and the surface roughness of the pipe (B Both Circular and non-circular pipes can withstand large pressure differences between the inside and the outside without undergoing any significant distortion. The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of 2 when the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled (D) In a steady flow/ streamline flow, the rate of mass entering the flow system equals that leaving, as mass can neither accumulated nor depleted within a flow system under steady conditions (E) Reynolds experiment concluded that at streamline flow, thevelocity moved from a minimum at the tube center to a maximum atthe wall whereas the fluid itself moved in shells or lamina.

Parallel laminar Flow Between Infinite Planes with a Manometer A Newtonian fluid with viscosity μf and density pf is contained between two infinite horizontal parallel planes (separated by a distance d as shown below). The fluid flows laminarly under the action of a pressure gradient and the velocity U of the upper plane (the bottom plane is fixed). A manometer (with fluid density pm and viscosity μm) is connected between two points L apart along the bottom plane and indicates a differential reading of Ah. Using the coordinate system depicted in the figure below, calculate the velocity distribution in terms of known variables by performing a shell balance. What value must U have so that the frictional drag force on the upper plate is zero? Sketch the velocity profile for this last case (i.e., zero frictional drag force on the upper plate). d Pf ༑ Ah Pm L X

Water flows through a triangle tunnel. For water, the height is h and the width is w. Determine how the volumetric flowrate of water q depends on h, w and g (gravitational acceleration).