Valve regurgitation is yet another condition causing heart failure.  This condition is characterized by _________________. 1)the hardening of a valve, narrowing the opening that serves as a passage of blood.   2) a valve that everts back into the previous chamber, blockig blood from progressing into the ventricle.   3) a valve that does not close completely, and allows blood to leak back into the previous chamber.   4)a valve with an opening that is too narrow, not allowing for sufficient blood to travel to the next chamber

List the four valves in the heart. What is the function of the valves in the heart? What is the difference in function between the AV valves and the semilunar valves?

16. A 62-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chest pain. Cardiac catheterization shows blockage of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The occlusion of this vessel most likely damaged which of the following areas of the heart? A) Anterior wall of left ventricle B) Inferior wall of left ventricle C) Interventricular septum D) Lateral wall of left ventricle E) Right ventricle

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cutthe result would be that A) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract B) the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart D) the heart rate would not be affected E) the heart rate would increase

Describe what happens with the blood flow if each valve stop working. For example, first describe what happens with the blood flow if the tricuspid valve stops working, next describe what will happens with the blood flow when the pulmonary valve stop working, and the same for other valves.

A) The term used to describe one complete heartbeat, or the time for both contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle is the _____________________. B) The term _____?_________ refers to ventricular contraction, while the term ______?________ refers to ventricular relaxation. C) f a patient has a heart rate of 75 beats per minute, then what is the average length of time that each of the following parts of that cycle lasts? (time in secs) -atrial contraction:  ____________________ -atrial relaxation:   ____________________ -ventricular contraction ____________________ -quiescent period:  _____________________ -1 entire cycle: _____________________ D)  When you listen to (auscultate) heart sounds, what you are hearing are the sounds of valves _______?______________. E.) A heart murmur indicates some kind of valve ________?____________.

A heart murmur would be detected in the pathological situation in which blood was flowing from the __________ to the __________ through an incompetant __________.   A right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid valve   B right atrium; left atrium; tricuspid valve   C left ventricle; left atrium; mitral valve   D left atrium; left ventricle; mitral valve   E ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which heart sound is longer in duration and louder, the first or the second heart sound. Briefly explain.

In atrial fibrillation, the atria do not contract correctly, and not all blood exits this chamber. The blood pools in the atria, and this can promote blood clot formation. If a blood clot forms in the left atrium, it can get pumped from the left ventricle, get caught in a capillary bed and cause a(n): pulmonary embolus 2) inferior vena cava filter 3) deep vein thrombosis 4) cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

Name the major branches of the heart.