Using the basic relations given below and detailing your method and assumptions, Develop all the analytical relations required to: 1) Determine the temperatures and pressures at all stages of an ideal air-standard SI Otto cycle analysis 2) Show that the thermal efficiency of any internal combustion engine can be simplified as a ratio of temperature differences  3) Discuss the concept of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and propose a rationale for the Figure 1 below (in other words, explain why the BSFC is decreasing before increasing with engine speed)

I am having a hard time understanding C-E on this problem. For C, I know that Th>Ti>Tc. Does that mean that since ec= 1-Tc/Th and Tc is the lowest temp of the system, that it is indeed more efficient with both engines?  The other ones, I just don't know where to start.  Any help or explantions would be appreciated!

d. Analysis of the Diesel Cycle[Explain the Derivation of the following in relation to the diagram]: 1.) QA 2.) Qr 3.) W 4.) thermal efficiency - e 5.) the compression ratio - rk 6.) the cut off ratio - rc 7.) Derivation of the formula for e Process 1-2 Process 2-3 Process 3-4 8.) Relation among rk, rc, and re(expansion ratio)

What is the advantage of nitriding? Select all correct answers.     Some complex components can be nitride without difficulty.     Better wear resistance.     Better fatigue resistance.     The cheapest method of case hardening.     What is the correct definition of plastic deformation?     The behavior of a material when its size changes by the addition of heat.     The behavior of a material that deforms under load and returns to its original shape when the load is removed.     Deformation caused by cleavage, where the material is actually pulled apart across atomic planes within the crystals or along the grain boundaries.     The behavior of a material that deforms under load and does not fully return to its original shape when the load is removed.