Using the accompanying New Account Processing data, perform chi-square tests for independence to determine if certification is independent of gender and if certification is independent of having prior industry background. Click the icon to view the New Account Processing data. Find the hypotheses for the chi-square test for independence to determine if certification is independent of gender. New Account Processing Data H: Certification and Gender are independent H₁ Certification and Gender are dependent Perform the chi-square test for independence to determine if certification is independent of gender. Compute the chi-square statistic. (Type an integer or decimal rounded to two decimal places as needed.) Gender Certified Prior Background M F Y M Y Y N Y N N M F F Y M Y M N Y N Y N N Y N F N Y M Y M Y M N M Y Print Done - - X

Bullying,” according to noted expert Dan Olweus, “poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child.” Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure anxiety in a group of bullies and a group of victims using an 18-item, 5-point anxiety scale. Assume scores on the anxiety scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the anxiety scores are the same among bullies and victims. The group of 23 bullies scored an average of 40.1 with a sample standard deviation of 10 on the anxiety scale. The group of 28 victims scored an average of 46.8 with a sample standard deviation of 11 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether bullies or victims will be more anxious, so you formulate…

Use a chi-square test to determine if ceremonial ranking and pottery type are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.

A survey was conducted to determine whether hours of sleep per night are independent of age. A sample of individuals was asked to indicate the number of hours of sleep per night with categorical options: fewer than 6 hours, 6 to 6.9 hours, 7 to 7.9 hours, and 8 hours or more. Later in the survey, the individuals were asked to indicate their age with categorical options: age 39 or younger and age 40 or older. Sample data follow. Hours of Sleep Age Group 39 or younger 40 or older Fewer than 6 40 38 6 to 6.9 60 57 7 to 7.9 77 75 8 or more 63 90   (a) Conduct a test of independence to determine whether hours of sleep are independent of age.   State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: Hours of sleep per night is not independent of age.Ha: Hours of sleep per night is independent of age.   H0: Hours of sleep per night is independent of age.Ha: Hours of sleep per night is not independent of age.       H0: The proportion of people who get 8 or more hours of sleep per…