Using data from a random sample of elementary schools, a researcher regresses average test scores on the fraction of students who qualify for reduced-price meals. The regression indicates a negative coefficient that is highly statistically significant and yields a high adjusted R². Is this regression useful for determining the causal effect of school meals on student test scores? Why or why not? Is this regression useful for predicting test scores? Why or why not? Hint: The causal-effect interpretation requires the zero conditional mean assumption.

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Q: significant

A:

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