Use scale analysis to find an expression for 8/x and Nu for flow over a flat plate with a thin thermal boundary Layer. Find the expression 8/x = 4.92 Re** Consider the following NACA airfoils: 2412, 23012, 23021 a. For each of these airfoils, find the L/D ratio for angle of attack of 0, 4, 8 and 12 b. For each airfoil find the angle of maximum L/D and find the stall angle c. Find which airfoil will provide the maximum lift for any given geometry and flow conditions

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(B) Air at 27 C flows over a flat plate with a velocity of 3 m/s. Calculate the boundary layer thickness (8) at a distance 25 cm from the leading edge of the plate. The physical properties of air are: p=1.17 kg/m² and 1.85x10 m/s. 8 4.64 X Re 1/2

Air at 15°C flows at 10 m/s over a flat plate of length 3 m. Using one-seventh power law of the turbulent flow, what is the ratio of local skin friction coefficient for the turbulent and laminar flow cases? (The kinematic viscosity of air is 1.470 × 10−5 m2/s.) (a) 4.25 (b) 5.72 (c) 6.31 (d ) 7.29 (e) 8.54

Question A3 a) With the help of sketches briefly describe the main differences between laminar and turbulent boundary layers in relation to friction drag and flow separation. A tug boat is pulling a log raft (Figure QA3) on the surface of a lake at a constant speed of Uboat = 5m/s. The log raft can be modelled as a flat plate (L=20m and W = 5.0m). u ug U boat 8 U Tug Boat rope boat Air Water L -X Log Raft Figure QA3 Assume the boundary layer forming on both sides (air side and water side) of the log raft is two-dimensional and laminar with a second order velocity distribution: W b) By using the Momentum Integral Equation find an expression for the wall shear stress in terms of Reynolds number and then estimate the tensile stress acting on the rope assuming the rope has a circular cross section with a diameter of 15 mm) and the power required to pull it. c) What would be the tensile stress on the rope if we assume the boundary layers on the log raft were turbulent? You may assume:…

Air at 305 K flows at 4 m/s over a flat plate at 350 K. The air properties are as follows: density =1.1 kg/m3, viscosity =18.1×10−6 Pa.s, specific heat capacity =1005 J/kgK, and thermal conductivity =0.024 W/mK. The velocity and temperature profiles are assumed to be linear, giving the local Nusselt number to be Nux = 0.289 Rex1/ 2Pr1/3. The flow will become turbulent at a Reynolds number of 5×105. Assume the width of the plate perpendicular to the air flow is 1 m.   At what distance from the leading edge does the flow become turbulent? ________m What is the heat transfer at the point of transition? ___________W What is the total heat transfer along the length of the plate where the flow is laminar? __________W

Calculate the heat transfer from a 60 cm x 60 cm plate on which air flows at 40⁰C and. The plate temperature is 100⁰ C while the air speed is 5 m/s.Find the thickness of the boundary layer at a distance of x = 20 cm, for the same data in problem "number 1 In the picture below"

8- Air (p = 1.21 kg/m') flows over a thin flat plate 1 m long and 0.3 m wide. The flow is uniform at the leading edge of the plate. Assume the velocity profile in the boundary layer is linear, and the free stream velocity is 2.7 m/s. Using control volume (abcd) shown in figure, compute the mass flow rate across surface (ab). Determine the magnitude and direction of the x- component of the force required to hold plate stationary. [3.9×10 kg/s ; -3.5x10 N]

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