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Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem Statement
**3.** Use the definition of set \( X \) having the same cardinality as set \( Y \) to prove that \( \text{Card}(R - \{2\}) = \text{Card}(R - \{0\}) \).
### Explanation
1. **Definition of Cardinality:**
The cardinality of a set \( A \), denoted \( \text{Card}(A) \), is a measure of the "number of elements" in the set. Two sets \( X \) and \( Y \) are said to have the same cardinality if there exists a bijective function (one-to-one and onto) between them.
2. **Given Sets:**
- \( R \) is the set of all real numbers.
- \( R - \{2\} \) represents the set of all real numbers except 2.
- \( R - \{0\} \) represents the set of all real numbers except 0.
### Proof Outline
To prove that \( \text{Card}(R - \{2\}) = \text{Card}(R - \{0\}) \), we need to establish a bijective function between the sets \( R - \{2\} \) and \( R - \{0\} \).
### Proof
1. **Define a Function:**
We define a function \( f: R - \{2\} \rightarrow R - \{0\} \) by \( f(x) = \frac{x - 2}{x} \). This function takes a real number \( x \) (except 2) and maps it to another real number \( (except 0) \).
2. **Prove Injectivity:**
Let \( f(x_1) = f(x_2) \).
This means \( \frac{x_1 - 2}{x_1} = \frac{x_2 - 2}{x_2} \).
Simplifying, we get:
\( x_1(x_2 - 2) = x_2(x_1 - 2) \).
This simplifies further to:
\( x_1 x_2 - 2x_1 = x_2 x_1 - 2x_2 \).
Canceling out \( x_1 x_2 \)
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