Unpolarized light of intensity 850 W/m2 is incident on two ideal polarizing sheets that are placed with their transmission axes perpendicular to each other. An additional polarizing sheet is then placed between the two, with its transmission axis oriented at 30° to that of the first. 1) What is the intensity of the light passing through the stack of polarizing sheets? (Express your answer to two significant figures.) Submit W/m² 2) What orientation of the middle sheet enables the three-sheet combination to transmit the greatest amount of light? Submit

Three perfect polarizers are placed in sequence and receive incoming light from one side as shown in the figure below. The first polarizer has its optic axis oriented vertically. The second is oriented ? = 26.0 degrees to one side of vertical. The third is oriented horizontally.What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through the first polarizer? I1/I0 = What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through both the first and second polarizers? I2/I0 = What fraction of the incoming intensity gets through the first, second, and third polarizers? I3/I0 = How much intensity would get through if the second and third polarizers were exchanged? I3/I0 =

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Two sheets of ideal polarizing material are placed with their transmission axes at 60.0 to each other. A third polarizing sheet is placed between them with its transmission axis at 30.0° to the axes of the other two. What is the fraction of the incident light intensity that is transmitted, when the middle sheet is removed? ___I0

Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in the figure below. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I, = 13.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity I, when 8, 15.0°, 0,= 45.0°, and 83=57.0°. Hint: Make repeated use of Malus's law. I₁ = units 4, 8₁

Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure (Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing filter,…

Malus's Law Below is an image of light with initial intensity lo = 750.0 W/m² going through 2 polarizing filters. The first polarizing filter is oriented with vertical polarization. The angle between the two polarizing filters is 0 = 35.0 degrees. The light is initially polarized horizontal before entering the first polarizing filter. What is the intensity of the light at l, (after passing through both filters)? Make sure to give your answer in units of W/m² and with an appropriate number of significant figures. Polarizing Filter, Polarizing Filter, Io 12 Your Answer: Answer

3 polarizing disks whose planes are parallel and centered on a common axis. The directions of their transmission axes relative to the vertical are respectively: θ1 = 19o, θ2 = 40o, and θ3 = 55o. A beam of light polarized along the vertical is incident onto the first polarizer with an intensity of I0 = 12 W/m². Calculate the transmitted intensity through all three polarizers.