UNIX treats file directories in the same fashion as files; that is, both are defined by the same type of data structure, called an inode. As with files, directories include a nine-bit protection strong. If care is not taken, this can create access control problems. For example, consider a file with protection mode 644(octal) contained in a directory with protection mode 730. How might the file be compromised in this case? What can we do to stop this vulnerability without changing the protection mode 730 for the directory?

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Parallel and Distributed Storage

A parallel storage file system is a sort of clustered file system. A clustered file system is a storage system shared by multiple devices simultaneously.