Two flat 1m x 2m panels are spaced 3m apart.  The top panel is exposed to the sun and is currently 200oC.  The bottom panel is not exposed to the sun.  The panels have an emissivity of 0.3. a) If the bottom panel is absorbing 200W of thermal radiation, what is the temperature of the bottom panel? b) If the bottom panel is chilled to −60oC, how much radiation does it absorb?

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Conduction and Convection

When energy travels from one object to another it is said to have undergone heat transfer. Heat transfer is nothing but the transfer of thermal energy or internal energy from one thing to another, like e.g., when a vessel with water, kept on top of a burner, heats up because of the flame underneath it.