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- The plant Haplopappus gracilis has a 2n of 4. A diploid cellculture was established and, at premitotic S phase, aradioactive nucleotide was added and was incorporatedinto newly synthesized DNA. The cells were then removed from the radioactivity, washed, and allowed to proceed through mitosis. Radioactive chromosomes or chromatids can be detected by placing photographic emulsionon the cells; radioactive chromosomes or chromatids appeared covered with spots of silver from the emulsion.(The chromosomes “take their own photograph.”) Drawthe chromosomes at prophase and telophase of the firstand second mitotic divisions after the radioactive treatment. If they are radioactive, show it in your diagram. Ifthere are several possibilities, show them, too.Beginning with the G1 phase of the cell cycle, describe the levelof compaction of the eukaryotic chromosome. How does thelevel of compaction change as the cell progresses through thecell cycle? Why is it necessary to further compact the chromatinduring mitosis?A colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13. In discussing this discovery with a friend who is not a cytogeneticist, explain how you would describe this location, defining each term in the chromosome address 21q13.
- A diploid cell (2n3D10) contains different types of chromosomesbased on the position of their centromeres Two chromosomes are found to be metacentric, while two chromosomes are acrocentric. Four are observedto have their centromeres submedially located while the remaining chromosomes have terminal centromeres. Illustrate the cell being described. Assuming the cell underwent cell division, drawthe appearance of the cell during the specified stages below a. Metaphase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase l d. Anaphasel e. Anaphase I| f. Telophase |For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. reciprocal translocation 1. lacking one or morechromosomes or having oneor more extra chromosomesb. gynandromorph 2. movement of short DNAelementsc. pericentric 3. having more than two completesets of chromosomesd. paracentric 4. exact exchange of parts of twononhomologous chromosomese. euploids 5. excluding the centromeref. polyploidy 6. including the centromereg. transposition 7. having complete sets ofchromosomesh. aneuploids 8. mosaic combination of maleand female tissueA female fruit fly has one normal X chromosome and one X chromosomewith a deletion. The deletion occurred in the middle ofthe X chromosome and removed about 10% of the entire length ofthe X chromosome. Suppose you stained and observed the chromosomesin salivary gland cells of this female fruit fly. Draw thepolytene arm of the X chromosome. Explain your drawing.
- 7.4 5577 20/ CV* 5. (a) Complete the following diagram to show the process by which gametes are formed. amand NOR NO devane 8 8. 072 404 PACLIGNO YOU Forsch chenyle VI SAMNING Zeytmos Lectopic of 12 mesecer in 200AU g Chor WERY IN 12120/ ZAINA Stage Act PE Stage B 2X P Stage C AUT2 Xyadden che d S www.w opov 02/01 88 8 us ml 151/3/0/00 COADCA CLAS Stage D Janis Stage ERoman 16px : 1.0pt : BIUS A A X2 x E tion of chromosomes did not occur berore cytoknESIS, 1/2 the # of chromsomes or 1 of each b. If the situation in part a occurred, would the new cells be viable? Explain. no, it wouldnt have the DNA OP 10. The S phase stands for synthesis, which means to make or build something more complex out of simpler parts. Scientists know that during the S phase DNA is being made in the nucleus of the cell. Why do you think the cell needs to make more DNA at this time in the cell cycle? 11. Refer to Model 1. The chromosomes that are shaped like "X" (made of two sister chromatids) have double the amount of DNA than the chromosomes that are shaped like "I." During what phase of the cell cycle do you think the chromosomes are replicated (copied)? POGIL Activities for High School Biology 2. hpThe molecular mechanism of SCE is similar to homologousrecombination between homologs except that the two segmentsof DNA are sister chromatids instead of homologous chromatids.If branch migration occurs during SCE, will a heteroduplex beformed? Explain why or why not. Can gene conversion occurduring sister chromatid exchange?
- A somatic cell has the genotype DdEe. All chromosomes in this organism are metacentric. Show metaphase and the results of mitosis if the D and E locus are linked on the same chromosome in trans configuration. A sexually reproducing organism has the following phenotype DdEeAaTt: The D and E loci are on the same arm of a metacentric chromosome in cis configuration. The A locus is on the long arm of an acrocentric chromosome and the T locus is on a telocentric chromosome. 2.1. What is the haploid number of this organism? 2.2. Using diagrams show a ceii at metaphase of mitosis and show the results of mitosis.Look at the two yeast colonies in Figure Q4–3. Eachof these colonies contains about 100,000 cells descendedfrom a single yeast cell, originally somewhere in the mid-dle of the clump. A white colony arises when the Ade2 geneis expressed from its normal chromosomal location. Whenthe Ade2 gene is moved to a location near a telomere, itis packed into heterochromatin and inactivated in mostcells, giving rise to colonies that are mostly red. In theselargely red colonies, white sectors fan out from the middleof the colony. In both the red and white sectors, the Ade2 gene is still located near telomeres. Explain why white sec-tors have formed near the rim of the red colony. Based onthe patterns observed, what can you conclude about thepropagation of the transcriptional state of the Ade2 genefrom mother to daughter cells in this experiment?Chromosome 3 in orangutansdiffers from chromosome 3 in humansby two inversion events that occurredin the human lineage (Figure Q4–2).Draw the intermediate chromosomethat resulted from the first inversionand explicitly indicate the segmentsincluded in each inversion.