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Translate each of the following arguments into categorical syllogistic form (major premise, minor premise, conclusion), symbolize the argument (using the conventional S, P, M variables), and draw a Venn diagram to test its validity.
2. All bacon burgers are heart attack-inducing foods because all bacon burgers are high-fat foods, and some heart attack-inducing foods are not high-fat foods.
4. Some famous men are not racists aince all racists are enemies of justice, and some famous men are not enemies of justice.
5. No persons who are true to the values of this republic are politicians because all politicians are delf-promoting egoists. And no self-promoting egoists are persons true to the values of this republic.
6. Some philosophers are musicians.Therefore, some trumpet players are philosophers since all trumpet players are musicians.
7. All opponents of the United States going to war against terrorist states are people opposed to antiterrorist security arrangements. Some people opposed to antiterrorist security arrangments are Leftist extremists. Therefore, some opponents of the United States going to war against terrorist states are not Leftist extremists.
9. Most people who drive SUVs (sport unility vehicles) are instant-gratification freaks who don't care about the environment or enironmental issues. Instant-gratification freaks who don't care about the environment or environmental issues are the true enemies of the planet. Therefore, people who drive SUVs are the true enemies of the planet
10. Vitamin pills are useless gimmicks promoted as sure-cures for a variety if illnesses. Some useless gimmicks promoted as sure-sures, though, are placebos that can make people feel good. So some vitamin pills are placebos that can make people feel good even if they don't cure anything.
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- 9. Tommy Flanagan was telling you what he ate yesterday afternoon. He tells you, “I had either popcom or raisins. Also, if I had cucumber sandwiches, then I had soda. But I didn't drink soda or tea." Of course you know that Tommy is the world's worst liar, and everything he says is false. What did Tommy eat? Justify your answer by writing all of Tommy's statements using sentence variables (P,Q.R,S,T), taking their negations, and using these to deduce what Tommy actually ate. [8]arrow_forwardCategorize the following logical fallacy. You will tell the general manager that I made the right choice in dealing with that customer. After all, I'm the shift manager, so my decisions are always right. Select an answer Question Help: Message instructor E Calculator Submit Question MacBook Airarrow_forwardConstruct a Venn diagram to determine the validity of the given argument. 1. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ____ _2. ???? ?? ?? ??????_____ ?ℎ???????, ???? ?? ? ?????arrow_forward
- 8. For each of these arguments determine whether the argument is correct or incorrect and explain why. a) Everyone enrolled in the university has lived in a dormitory. Mia has never lived in a dormitory. Therefore, Mia is not enrolled in the university. b) A convertible car is fun to drive. Isaac's car is not a convertible. Therefore, Isaac's car is not fun to drive. c) Quincy likes all action movies. Quincy likes the movie Eight Men Out. Therefore, Eight Men Out is an action movie. d) All lobstermen set at least a dozen traps. Hamilton is a lobsterman. Therefore, Hamilton sets at least a dozen traps.arrow_forwardLet p denote the statement "Florida borders Alabama", and let q denote thestatement "Florida borders Mississippi". Put the following into symbolic form:(i) Florida borders Alabama or Mississippi.(ii) Florida borders Alabama but not Mississippi.(iii) Florida borders Mississippi but not Alabama.(iv) Florida borders neither Alabama nor Mississippi.arrow_forwardAnswer the following question:a) What is an argument?arrow_forward
- Use the truth table test of validity to determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid. To be invalid, the premises will be true, but the conclusion false. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. First, identify and define the type of Truth Functional Connective each symbol represents and type it in to the first table. 2. Then, create a Formal Method Test of validity table below each argument to determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. 3. Indicate whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, highlight the area on the table that proves it. A row for each possible outcome [2"] → Use the pattern of half the rows to make half of the values in the column true → For the next column keep using the pattern of half Remember to Create: Type in the meaning of the symbol in the space provided. Truth Functional Symbol How to determine its truth value Connective it represents V .. SAMPLE ARGUMENT: 1. P• Q 2. .. Pv Q How many atomic propositions? = How many rows 2ª (+1…arrow_forwardWhich of the following are examples of Inductive (I) or Deductive (D) reasoning. a) All raccoons are omnivores. This animal is a raccoon. This animal is an omnivore. b) Every cat that you've observed purrs. Therefore, all cats must purr. Grocery store employees wear football jerseys on Fridays. Today is c) Friday. Grocery store employees will be wearing football jerseys today. d) Ray is a football player. All the other football players on the high school team weigh more than 1701bs. Therefore, Ray must weigh more than 170 lbs.arrow_forward
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