Transduction of a stimulus usually causes depolarization of a sensory receptor. a.)In most receptors, what is the chemical basis for this depolarization (that is, what is the specific mechanism for the change)? b.)How is a photoreceptor different from other receptors in terms of its membrane potential?  c.) Explain how photoreceptors in the light can lead to excitation of some bipolar cells and inhibition of others

In the discussion section the authors wrote “In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.”  a. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent?             b.By what word or words do you know that your answer to the question is correct?            c. Why did you choose this word or words as an answer to the question?

Is first question a) correct? Can you answer 1b), 2a) and 2b)

25) what does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? a) origin of the stimulus b) frequency of action potential  c) amplitude of action potentials d) type of stimulus receptor

Following release of acetylcholine (ACh) from a synaptic terminal bouton, the ACh   Question 2 options:   a) diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to Cholinergic receptors   b) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase on the surface of the postsynaptic cell   c) is transported back into the axon terminal and repackaged into synaptic vesicles   d) answers (a) and (b) are both correct; answer (c) is incorrect   e) answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

4. Frequency (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) selectivity of the inner hair cells is greatly enhanced by: force generated by the opening of the mechanotransduction cells. channel in inner hair force generated by the opening of the mechanotransduction channel in outer hair cells. myosin motors at the tips of the stereocilia. voltage-dependent changes in length of the outer hair cells. All of the above

Macular degeneration is an eye disease that causes loss in the center of the field of vision. In this disease, the cone cells are the photoreceptor cells most affected. Therefore, this is a disorder involving the A) Retina B) Choroid layer C) Ciliary body D) Cornea

25) For Each of the following receptors indicate which type of sensory receptor it is. a. Male silkworms antennae detecting pheromones b. Taste receptors when we eat something sweet c. Light hitting the rods and cones in the eyes d. Sensory cells/sensing extreme pressure e. The base of a cat's whiskers detecting movement

Describe how does a taste bud cell detect the presence of Salty and sour? Describe the steps leading up to the generator potential?

Based on the same attached figure as above (Figure 10.9 in your textbook), what kind of channel permits K+ to pass through the apical-end membrane in hair cells of the ear? (A) Spiral ganglion Tectorial membrane Scala vestibuli Inner hair cells -45 mV Scala tympani Outer hair cells Scala media Organ of Corti Perilymph Low K+ 0mV Endolymph High K+ +80 mV (B) Stria vascularis Basilar membrane Ca²+ Afferent. nerve Depolarization O Nucleus wwww. 00 -Depolarization. Vesicles -Transmitter To brain C₂24