Trace the course of fluid movement, beginning with theproduction of filtrate in the renal corpuscle and ending with theexpulsion of urine from the urethra.

Q: Identify the characteristics of a countercurrent mechanism,and explain its role in concentrating the…

A: The characteristic of the countercurrent mechanism is that this mechanism serves to create a…

Q: Explain how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is dependent upon the concentration gradient in the medulla…

A: The urinary system in humans comprises a pair of kidneys, each of which are present on the left and…

Q: Describe how the central nervous system is involved in the micturition reflex.

A: Micturition or urination is the process of urine excretion from the urinary bladder. Nerve centres…

Q: Briefly differentiate between the processes and steps involved during the formation of dilute and…

A: Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water, and ions like Na+, K+, Cl-,…

Q: Describe two mechanisms in the PCT, one in the nephron loop, one in the DCT, and one in the…

A: Kidneys are the pair of bean shaped red color organs that are the crucial part of the excretory…

Q: Describe the three processes required for the excretion ofa hypertonic urine.

A: The liquid by product of  metabolism in humans and other animals is urine. Urine usually flows from…

Q: Describe the impact of Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) on urine concentration. Be…

A: Vasopressin, also known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), plays a central role in regulating urine…

Q: Which of the following is a physiologic response of the kidneys to decreased plasma volume?…

A: Blood volume is the amount of water present in the blood that depends upon the salt concentration in…

Q: List the three major processes in urine formation, andstate the location in the nephron where each…

A: Urine refers to the filtrate containing toxic substances present in blood. It is produced in the…

Q: State differences between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.

A: Introduction: Nephrons are the kidney's functional units and are of two types- cortical and…

Q: State two vital functions of kidney.

A: The kidney resembles the kidney bean in its structure and color. The kidneys are among the most…

Q: explain how the collecting duct and antidiuretic hormoneregulate the volume and concentration of…

A: Kidneys are the pair of bean shaped red color organs that are the crucial part of the excretory…

Q: Describe the composition and properties of normal urine

A: Urine is a metabolic waste product produced by the kidneys and released naturally through urination…

Q: explain how the nervous system and urethral sphincterscontrol the voiding of urine

A: Voiding of urine referred to as the excretion of urine from the bladder via urethra to the body…

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics of normal and abnormal urine

A: Urine is a liquid by-product obtained as a result of metabolism in humans. The volume and the…

Q: Explain the effect of prolonged severe vasoconstriction onthe renal tissue.

A: The word 'Renal' means the kidney. Kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures situated…

Q: Define and briefly describe the three steps required for micturition to occur.

A: The urinary system is a vital body organ system comprised of various organs like kidneys, ureters,…

Q: Describe the development of the urinary system.

A: The urinary system develops from the intermediate mesoderm throughout prenatal development.

Q: briefly describe the nephrons' urine producing by 3 steps: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and…

A: The structural and functional component of the kidney is the nephron. It is comprised of a renal…

Q: Describe the role of the parasympathetic division in the micturition reflex.

A: Micturition or urination is a process through which urine is excreted from the urinary bladder…

Q: Describe the general composition of urine and state the average volume of urine produced by the…

A: URINE: Urine formation is a blood cleansing function. Normally, about 1300ml of blood enters the…

Q: List the three major processes in urine formation and describe where each occurs in the nephron and…

A: The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, is made up of the kidneys,…

Q: Describe the mechanisms underlying water and solute reabsorption from the renal tubules into the…

A: Tubular reabsorption is the mechanism which involves the movement of water and solutes from the…

Q: Renal tubules cannot reabsorb HCO3–; yet HCO3–concentration in the tubular fluid falls while in the…

A: The renal tubule is the part of the kidney that is principally responsible for filtration and…

Q: Explain the two major functions of urinary systems, and listthe processes that accomplish these…

A: The human’s urinary system constitutes ureters, kidneys, bladder, renal pelvis, and urethra. This…

Q: List the structures that urine travels through, from when it leavesthe kidney to when it exits the…

A: The excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys are…

Q: Transport of Urine from the Kidney through the Ureters and into the Bladder. Explain

A: Introduction: Urine is produced by glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. It is…

Q: Describe how specific segments of the renal tubule and collecting duct reabsorb water and solutes.

A: The kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organs found in the lower back region behind the intestines.…

Q: Describe the micturition reflex. How is voluntary control ofmicturition accomplished?

A: The physiological term for voiding or urination is micturition. It results from the interplay of…

Q: Identify the structures that compose the urinary system, and provide a description of the general…

A: The urinary system is involved in the elimination of the nitrogenous wastes from the body and helps…

Q: Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect…

A: The ability of the body to physically control its interior environment in response to changes in…