To what goal does the implementation of a microkernel in an operating system take place? Is this anything that differs from the modular approach?

Is there a fundamental principle that the design of the microkernel in an operating system adheres to? Is there any distinction between this methodology and the modular approach?

An explanation of the layered approach to the architecture of operating systems may be found as follows: I was curious about the pros and cons of using this method and was hoping someone might enlighten me. Why not use an image to illustrate what you mean in order to make your point more clear and get it through in a more concise manner?

Contrast a monolithic kernel with a microkernel, and explain the design trade-offs associated with each.