To help assess the health risks of second-hand smoke, the levels of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) were measured in mmol/l in the urine of seven subjects prior to exposure to second-hand smoke and shortly after a two-hour exposure to secondary cigarette smoke. Did the exposure significantly increase the cotinine level? Assume cotinine levels are not normally distributed and analyze with an appropriate sign test.

Women are recommended to consume 1700 calories per day. You suspect that the average calorie intake is different for women at your college. The data for the 12 women who participated in the study is shown below: 1784, 1677, 1583, 1984, 1910, 1737, 1522, 1574, 1853, 1546, 1707, 1866 Assuming that the distribution is normal, what can be concluded at the αα = 0.10 level of significance? For this study, we should use     The null and alternative hypotheses would be:       H0:H0:                  H1:H1:              The test statistic     = (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.)

The contingency table shows the results of a random sample of patients from musculoskeletal injuries treated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. At a=0.10, can you conclude that the treatment is related to the result? Result acetaminophen  Ibuprofen  Significant improvement 58 81 Slight improvement  42 19

Genetic drugs are lower cost substitutes for brand-name drugs.  Before a genetic drug can be sold in the United States, it must be tested found to perform equivalently to the brand-name product.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is now supervising the testing of new genetic antifungal ointment.  The Brand-name ointment is known to deliver a mean of 3.5 micrograms of active ingredient to each square centimeter of skin. As part of the testing, seven subjects apply the ointment.  Six hours later, the amount of drugs that has been absorbed into the skin measured.  The amounts, in micrograms, are   2.6, 3.2, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 2.9, 3.7 How strong is the evidence that the mean amount absorbed differs from 3.5 micrograms?  Test by using a confidence interval with ?=0.05α=0.05. Show Step1-Step3. Round critical value to nearest hundredth.   (e.g.  0.1256 would be entered as 0.13)  Round confidence interval to nearest thousandth.   (e.g.  0.12456 would be entered as 0.125)

why the correct answer is letter E?

A researcher computes the correlation coefficient r= 0.4212 for an explanatory and response variable. What proportion of the changes in the response variables value is accounted for by the change in the explanatory variable's value? Give your answer to four decimal places.

Denny studied factors affecting cardiovascular reactivity to a postural change in a sample of healthy men and women. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position was used as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of blood pressure was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was determined every 30 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table describing the characteristics of Denny’s sample: Which measures of dispersion, if any, are presented in this table (Ranges, SDs)? If age is normally distributed, approximately what percent of the sample would be younger than 50? If BMI is normally distributed, approximately what percent of the sample would have a BMI higher than 33.1?

Women are recommended to consume 1700 calories per day. You suspect that the average calorie intake is different for women at your college. The data for the 12 women who participated in the study is shown below: 1808, 1681, 1723, 1847, 1808, 1858, 1461, 1449, 1631, 1635, 1815, 1874 Assuming that the distribution is normal, what can be concluded at the αα = 0.01 level of significance? For this study, we should use     The null and alternative hypotheses would be:       H0:H0:                   H1:H1:               The test statistic     =  (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) The p-value =  (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.) The p-value is     αα Based on this, we should      the null hypothesis. Thus, the final conclusion is that ... The data suggest the population mean is not significantly different from 1700 at αα = 0.01, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the population mean calorie intake for women at your college is equal to 1700. The data…

There is a negative correlation between the average litres of wine consumed by residents of a country and the incidence of national coronary deaths. Explain why correlation in this case does not imply causation by suggesting a third variable z that explains the correlation. Is z a common response or a confounding variable? Draw a digraph illustrating the between x, y, and z