Titration of another 30.0 mL sample of aqueous HX with 0.111M NaOH yields the titration curve below. A. Based on the titration curve and data provided, what is the molar concentration of HX? Does this agree with your earlier determination? B. What components in your flask account for the shape

Titration of another 30.0 mL sample of aqueous HX with 0.111M NaOH yields the titration curve below.

A. Based on the titration curve and data provided, what is the molar concentration of HX? Does this agree with your earlier determination?

B. What components in your flask account for the shape of the curve between 1 mL and 25 mL? Explain the shape in this region.

C. The above titration curve is concave down from 0 mL to about 14 mL. Which of the components you listed in B is highest in concentration over this range? Consider how pH changes as you move backward from 14 mL back to 0 mL added base. How is this change consistent with the species you identified having a high concentration over this range?

D. The above titration curve is concave up from 14 mL until the dramatic spike occurs. Which of the components you listed in B is highest in concentration over this range? How is the pH change from 14 mL to the upward spike consistent with this species having a high concentration over this range?

E. According to the titration curve, what is the pKa of HX?

F. What is the Ka for HX, according to the titration curve? Does it agree with the Ka calculated earlier?

G. Account for the shape of the curve beyond 25 mL.

H. The pH at the equivalence point for this titration is not 7.0. Explain using the reaction equation responsible for this observation.

I. Suppose you were not given the titration curve above, and you were asked to calculate the pH at the equivalence point. Explain how you would do this, based on all other data available to you. Is your calculated value consistent with the titration curve?