College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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This problem compares the energy output and
(a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station?
(b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more
efficient power station? (One type of more efficient nuclear power station, the gas-cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater efficiency.)
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- As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 15,000J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,000 J of work. (b) The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 2500 K. The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 300 K. What is the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forwardYou are hired to build a geothermal power plant that absorbs heat from a hot water spring and discards heat into the surrounding air, which is at a temperature of 17°. The plant is designed for a maximum (Carnot) efficiency of 0.21. What is the temperature, in degrees Celsius, of the hot water gushing from the spring? If the rate of energy supplied to the plant by the hot-water source is 4.6 kW, what is the plant’s maximum rate of power output, in kilowatts?arrow_forwardThe bulldozer for the road widening project has a gasoline engine that takes 10,000 J of heat and delivers 2,200 J of mechanical work per cycle. (a) What is the thermal efficiency of this engine? (b) How much heat is discarded in each cycle?arrow_forward
- Heat engines take input energy in the form of heat, use some of that energy to do work, and exhaust the remainder. Similarly, a person can be viewed as a heat engine that takes an input of internal energy, uses some of it to do work, and gives off the rest as heat. Suppose a trained athlete can function as a heat engine with an efficiency of 0.16. (a) What is the magnitude of the internal energy that the athlete uses in order to do 1.7x104 J of work? (b) Determine the magnitude of the heat the athlete gives off.arrow_forwardSuppose a heat engine is connected to two energy reservoirs, one a pool of molten aluminum (660°C) and the other a block of solid mercury (-38.9°C). The engine runs by freezing 1.40 g of aluminum and melting 16.0 g of mercury during each cycle. The heat of fusion of aluminum is 3.97 x 105 J/kg; the heat of fusion of mercury is 1.18 x 104 J/kg. What is the efficiency of this engine? 74.9 4 X Note that the usable energy in a heat engine is the difference between the energy input and the exhaust energy. % Need Help? Watch It Additional Materials eBookarrow_forwardA heat engine takes 1800 kcal of heat from a hot reservoir at 270oC and vents 1200 kcal to a cold reservoir at 40oC. What is the efficiency of this heat engine and what is the maximum efficiency that any heat engine between these two reservoirs could have?arrow_forward
- A heat pump has a coefficient of performance of 4.6 . If the heat pump absorbs 30 J of heat from the cold outdoors in each cycle, the heat expelled (in J) to the warm indoors isarrow_forward4. Suppose that a nuclear power plant has an efficiency of about 0.34, and generates 1000 MW of power. It is located on the banks of a major river that is 67 m wide near the plant, approximately 3 m deep, and flows at a rate of 0.5 m/s. Suppose that the plant re-routes all of this water into the plant and dumps its waste heat evenly throughout the water, then returns the warmer water to the river. How much warmer is the river downstream of the plant compared to upstream? Water's specific heat is approximately 4184 J/kg/K, and its density is 1000 kg/m³. [Answer: The water is warmer by 4.62 K. This is a lot warmer!]arrow_forwardA particular power plant operates with a heat-source reservoir at 350°C and a heatsink reservoir at 30°C. It has a thermal efficiency equal to 55% of the Carnot-engine thermal efficiency for the same temperatures. What is the thermal efficiency of the plant? To what temperature must the heat-source reservoir be raised to increase the thermal efficiency of the plant to 35%? Again, η is 55% of the Carnot-engine valuearrow_forward
- With 2.56×106 J of heat transfer into this engine, a given cyclical heat engine can do only 1.50×105 J of work.(a) What is the engine’s efficiency? (b) How much heat transfer to the environment takes place?arrow_forwardProblem 2: This problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stations—one with the normal efficiency of 36 %, and another with an improved efficiency of 47 %. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day, 2.5 × 1014 J Part (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? Part (b) What is the change in the heat transfer to the environment after the upgrade to the more efficient power station?arrow_forward
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