This client is a 23-year-old white female complaining of a painful, swollen ankle. States that she stepped ‘funny’ off a step two days ago and thinks she heard a ripping sound. She takes no medications and has no allergies. The client reports pain as 5/10 with sharp twinges when trying to walk, a notable limp is noted when the client walks favoring the affected extremity. She states resting and ice decreases pain to 2/10 aching. Pain is primarily in the outer aspect of ankle and foot. Has no prior injury to this area. No significant past medical history.” When you examine the ankle the outer aspect of the malleolus is swollen and reddened with 2+ edema noted to the area, pedal pulses are palpable and strong.Describe 2 actual potential risk factors

A 57 year old male presented to the Tulane Emergency department at 4:00 AM with the acute onset of right-sided facial drooping, speech slurring, and difficulty with lifting his right upper extremity.  Upon presentation, he is unable to communicate with medical staff, as he cannot get any words out; when asked about his birthday, he attempted to speak but was unable to produce any words, but he was able to write his birthdate down correctly when asked to do so. He was unable to lift his right arm, turn his head toward the right side, or   He has a strong history of heart issues, dating back to his 40’s when he suffered from a myocardial infarction (heart attack) which required two stents placed in his left anterior descending (LAD) artery. He was prescribed Plavix (Clopidogrel) and aspirin 80 mg daily after his heart attack, and he was advised to stop smoking.  He had successfully stopped smoking for 2 months prior to restarting. He currently smokes 2 packs of Marlboro Menthol Light…

Ms. M is 42 years old and has had rheumatoid arthritis for six years. At baseline, her fingers are stiff and show slight ulnar deviation. She has come to see you as she is currently experiencing an exacerbation, and her wrists are red and swollen. She finds it to be painful when something such as clothing touches the skin over her wrists. Her elbows and knees are also stiff and painful, especially after she has been resting. She is feeling extremely tired and depressed and has not been eating well. Describe the pathophysiologic process that leads to the appearance and the pain occurring at her wrists. Is this an acute or chronic process? Could it be both? Describe the pathophysiology contributing to the stiff, deformed fingers. What terms can be used to describe this?

Mrs. Thomas was on vacation out of state when she stepped off a curve and injured her left ankle. Due to severe pain she was seen at an urgent care center where she underwent a left ankle x-ray, which was negative. She was diagnosed with a left sprained ankle. A walking boot was provided to stabilize and protect her left ankle. She was provided with appropriate discharge instructions and instructed to follow up with her primary care physician upon returning home. When she presented her BlueCross BlueShield insurance card at check out, Mrs. Thomas was informed that the physician who provided treatment is a nonparticipating provider (nonPAR) and that the urgent care center accepts credit cards for payment in full. The total due was $1,500, and Mrs. Thomas assured the office staff that her insurance company would reimburse the urgent care center for services provided. The office staff further explained that their providers had not signed a contract with her insurance, and thus Mrs. Thomas…