Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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There is a data structure called a drop-out stack that behaves
like a stack in every respect except that if the stack size is n,
then when the n+1 element is pushed, the first element is lost.
Implement a drop-out stack using links.
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- Please help with the program below. Need to write a program called dfs-stack.py in python that uses the algorithm below without an agency list but instead uses an adjacency matrix. The program should prompt the user for the number of vertices V, in the graph.Please read the directions below I will post a picture of the instructions and the algorithm.arrow_forwardI have already done number 1. I just need help with number 2. Implement Stack<E> with an internal LineNodePlus<E>. You have been given the code for the StackADT<E> interface and all of the List files needed. You must come up with a new Stack.java that implements the StackADT interface and uses a LineNodesPlus internally to store the stack. Construct test cases for the Stack (StackTest.java) to ensure it works correctly. StackADT.java public interface StackADT<E>{ // Stack class ADT /** * Clears the stack. */ public void clear(); /** * Pushes argument it onto the stack. Argument is stored in the top of the * stack. Returns false if the stack is out of space. * * @param it value to be pushed onto the stack * @return true if the value is stored */ public boolean push(E it); /** * Pop and return the value at the top of the stack. * * @return value stored at the top of the stack */ public E…arrow_forward: Imagine a (literal) stack of plates. If the stack gets too high, it might topple.Therefore, in real life, we would likely start a new stack when the previous stack exceeds somethreshold. Implement a data structure SetOfStacks that mimics this. SetOfStacks should becomposed of several stacks and should create a new stack once the previous one exceeds capacity.SetOfStacks. push() and SetOfStacks. pop() should behave identically to a single stack(that is, pop () should return the same values as it would if there were just a single stack).FOLLOW UPImplement a function popAt(int index) which performs a pop operation on a specific substack.arrow_forward
- In java how do you: Delete the lowest/smallest item from the Circular Linked List (provided the list is sorted in ascending order) Reverse a Stack S, using a Queue Q Add the top 2 elements of a Stack S. Return the addition and push the data back in the stack S. How to reverse a Queue using a Stack? How to reverse a Queue using an array?arrow_forwardThe ADT stack lets you peek at its top entry without removing it. For some applications of stacks, you also need to peek at the entry beneath the top entry without removing it. We will call such an operation peek2. If the stack has more than one entry, peek2 returns the second entry from the top without altering the stack. If the stack has fewer than two entries, peek2 throws an exception. Write a linked implementation of a stack class call First_Last_LinkStack.java that includes a method peek2arrow_forwardProject Overview: This project is for testing the use and understanding of stacks. In this assignment, you will be writing a program that reads in a stream of text and tests for mismatched delimiters. First, you will create a stack class that stores, in each node, a character (char), a line number (int) and a character count (int). This can either be based on a dynamic stack or a static stack from the book, modified according to these requirements. I suggest using a stack of structs that have the char, line number and character count as members, but you can do this separately if you wish.Second, your program should start reading in lines of text from the user. This reading in of lines of text (using getline) should only end when it receives the line “DONE”.While the text is being read, you will use this stack to test for matching “blocks”. That is, the text coming in will have the delimiters to bracket information into blocks, the braces {}, parentheses (), and brackets [ ]. A string…arrow_forward
- There is a data structure called a drop-out stack that behaveslike a stack in every respect except that if the stack size is n,then when the n+1 element is pushed, the first element is lost.Implement a drop-out stack using linksarrow_forwardNeed help with python code. Write a LikedStack . Test it by: Add numbers from 7 to 22 in the stack. Print the length of the stack Check if the stack is empty Show the item on the top of the stack Remove the last item in the stack Add 45 to the stack Remove all items in the stack Check if the stack is empty """File: linkedstack.pyAuthor: Ken Lambert"""from node import Nodefrom abstractstack import AbstractStackclass LinkedStack(AbstractStack):"""A link-based stack implementation."""# Constructordef __init__(self, sourceCollection = None):"""Sets the initial state of self, which includes thecontents of sourceCollection, if it's present."""# Accessor methodsdef __iter__(self):"""Supports iteration over a view of self.Visits items from bottom to top of stack."""def visitNodes(node):"""Adds items to tempList from tail to head."""def peek(self):"""Returns the item at the top of the stack.Precondition: the stack is not empty.Raises: KeyError if the stack is empty."""if self.isEmpty():#…arrow_forwardGiven a stack, a function is consecutive takes a stack as a parameter and thatreturns whether or not the stack contains a sequence of consecutive integersstarting from the bottom of the stack (returning true if it does, returningfalse if it does not). For example:bottom [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] topThen the call of is_consecutive(s) should return true.bottom [3, 4, 6, 7] topThen the call of is_consecutive(s) should return false.bottom [3, 2, 1] top The function should return false due to reverse order. Note: There are 2 solutions:first_is_conse cutive: it uses a single stack as auxiliary storagesecond_is_cons ecutive: it uses a single queue as auxiliary storagearrow_forward
- A counter automaton is a pushdown automaton that only uses one stack symbol (in additionto the bottom of the stack marker). This means that the stack acts as a simple counter: the push operationincreases the counter, the pop operation decreases it, and you can check if the counter is currently set to 0by looking for the bottom of the stack. In particular, you can not store a string over an arbitrary alphabeton the stack. For example, the automaton for anbn we have seen in class is a counter automaton.Let L = {w ∈{a, b}∗|w contains the same number of symbols a and b}.(2.a) Build a counter automaton accepting the language L. As in Question 1, describe the algorithmused by your automaton, and draw a transition diagram.(2.b) Write down an accepting computation of your automaton on the string abbbabaa.arrow_forwardLearn how the stack operates when left alone.arrow_forward
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