There are three distinct ways in which one can express the logical behaviour that Boolean functions exhibit. Which three strategies are going to be utilised by our team?

Formal techniques depend on solid reasoning. Propositional logic and Predicate Logic are the most prevalent logics in terms of their essential notions. An undergraduate in discrete mathematics wants to know how propositional and predicate logics are used in software quality assurance. This objective requires you to assist a student. Comparing each logic's pros and cons and how they apply to software testing is one way. How should software be formal verified, and which logic is best?

It is expected of you to be able to provide your own explanation of System Dynamics. If it is at all possible, I would appreciate it if you could explain the reinforcement and balancing loops using your own words. In the so-called "systems dynamics" procedure, what kinds of mathematical equations are often utilized?

Walk me through the steps of the minimax algorithm and define each of the words. What exactly is this "game theory"? In what ways does it play a role in Al?