There are a number of factors that need to be taken into consideration as to whether to pay  dividend or retain earnings. Discuss four (4) factors to be considered in establishing an  optimal dividend or retention policy.

Do dividends matter? Provide theoratical literature, empirical evidence, examples and relevant theories etc.

how dividends and related issues (e.g. dividend taxation) can play a part in rethinking the capitalist paradigm. Answer in 5 points

How to calculate preferred dividends?

The idea that changes in dividend policy reflects managers' views about the firm's future earnings is known as:       a)  Modigliani and Miller Theory   b)  Payoff Theory   c)  Dividend Signaling Hypothesis   d)  Pecking Order Hypothesis

The dividend policy of a company is a key focus for potential investors. This is because dividends are the main contribution to the assumed investment objective. Hence, it is important that management monitor and review the various factors that influence the company's dividend policy. Critically analyse this statement.

The primary goal of financial management is Select one: a. Increasing the owners wealth b. Reducing risk c. None of these d. Increasing profit

Describe the benefits and limitations of the dividend discount model and the dividend discount-derived P/E ratio.

How does a firm's dividend policy reflect its approach to financial decision-making, and what are the two primary strategies discussed in this context? A. Explain the concept of treating dividends as the residual part of a financing decision. B. Outline the key characteristics and principles of an active dividend policy strategy. C. Compare and contrast the implications of these two strategies on a firm's overall financial management. D. Provide examples illustrating situations where each strategy may be suitable for a firm. E. Assess the potential impact of a firm's dividend policy on investor perceptions and shareholder value.   Choose the correct options (A, B, C, D, or E) to complete the statement, considering the various aspects of a firm's dividend policy and its significance in financial decision-making.

The production opportunities that exist in the economy represents one of the four fundamental factors that affect the:   Group of answer choices creditworthiness of investors. liquidity of securities. liquidity of securities. cost of money. maturity of an investment.