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The West is often portrayed as a land of violence and danger. While there are numerous accounts of the violence that existed in the West, what led to the evental "civilizing" of
the West?
The introduction of barbed wire to settle property right disputes and claims. Furthermore, establishing civic and government centers with functioning judicial and legal
systems led to traditional disputes to be settled in court, not with guns.
A greater emphasis on law and order. The United States government established the Marshal service, which in turn created an effective system of lawmen and courts in
the Western United States.
Middle class women settling into the West established churches, civic clubs, and fought to shut down prostitution houses and other institutions that often promoted viced
ladened activities which would led to violence.
Mormon settlers moving West helped establish a religious fervor in the region. This shift towards religiosity helped to reduce the willingness of men and women to engage
in activities that were seen as vice ladened.
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Violence between Native populations and settlers were common. Often settler sought to claim mineral rich lands, and removed the Native populations by force of arms and
violence. This led to numerous frontier wars throughout the period. Massacres were unfortunately common. What eventually led to the end of the Western "Indian Wars?"
The Wounded Knee Massacre led the the complete destruction of all the major leadership of the Native Americans, leading them to be ineffective against the US Army.
The major tribal leaders with the the Federal Government and entered into effective treaties that established sovereign native tribal lands/reservations would would
secure their homelands indefinitely. This allowed for the effective relocation and settlement of the warring tribes leading to peace.
The Wounded Knee and Sand Creek Massacres showed the Native populations that further warfare with the United States Army was futile and would lead to the
complete destruction of their people. Coupled with the almost exterminated of the buffalo populations. Native Americans were forced to meet with the Federal
Government and establish peaceful relations, which allowed for the Native Populations to retain control over the Oklahoma Territory and Black Hills in South Dakota.
The government sought to start a policy of Americanization. Under this policy, the US Government would attempt to "normalize" Native Americans into the general
American culture. They would be provided with vocational training Euro-American education and social training, and even introduction to Christian religion. Often this
was done by taking Native children from their homes and forcing them to attend boarding schools.
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