The vapor pressure of Substance X is measured at several temperatures: temperature vapor pressure -13. °C 0.149 atm -2. °C 0.222 atm 9. °C 0.320 atm Use this information to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of X. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Be sure your answer contains a correct unit symbol.

The vapor pressure of Substance X is measured at several temperatures: temperature vapor pressure -13. °C 0.149 atm -2. °C 0.222 atm 9. °C 0.320 atm Use this information to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of X. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Be sure your answer contains a correct unit symbol.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter10: Solids, Liquids, And Phase Transitions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 45P

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In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify your answer. a. highest boiling point: HBr, Kr, or Cl2 b. highest freezing point: H2O, NaCl, or HF c. lowest vapor pressure at 25C: Cl2, Br2, or I2 d. lowest freezing point: N2, CO, or CO2 e. lowest boiling point: CH4, CH3CH3, or CH3CH2CH3 f. highest boiling point: HF, HCl, or HBr g.
The enthalpy of vaporization of water is larger than its enthalpy of fusion. Explain why.
Is it possible to liquefy nitrogen at room temperature (about 25 C)? Is it possible to liquefy sulfur dioxide at room temperature? Explain your answers.
Why do liquids have a vapor pressure? Do all liquids have vapor pressures? Explain. Do solids exhibit vapor pressure? Explain. How does vapor pressure change with changing temperature? Explain.
Follow the step-wise process outlined in Problem 31 to calculate the amount of heat involved in condensing 100.00 g of benzene gas (C6H6) at 80.00C to liquid benzene at 25.00C. Use Tables 8.1 and 8.2 for the specific heat, boiling point, and heat of vaporization of benzene.
Describe the behavior of a liquid and its vapor in a closed vessel as the temperature increases.
In an experiment, 20.00 L of dry nitrogen gas, N2, at 20.0C and 750.0 mmHg is slowly bubbled into water in a flask to determine its vapor pressure (see the figure on next page). The liquid water is weighed before and after the experiment, from which the experimenter determines that it loses 353.6 mg in mass. Answer the following questions. a How many moles of nitrogen were bubbled into the water? b The liquid water diminished by how many moles? What happened to the liquid? c How many moles of gas exit the flask during the experiment? What is the partial pressure of nitrogen gas exiting? The total gas pressure is 750.0 mmHg. d From these data, calculate the vapor pressure of water at 20C. Does this agree with what you expect?
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. a Intermolecular attractions are stronger in liquids than in gases. b Substances with weak intermolecular attractions generally have low vapor pressures. c Liquids with high molar heats of vaporization usually are more viscous than liquids with low molar heats of vaporization. d A substance with a relatively high surface tension usually has a very low boiling point. e All other things being equal, hydrogen bonds are weaker than induced dipole or dipole forces. f Induced dipole forces become very strong between large molecules. g Other things being equal, nonpolar molecules have stronger intermolecular attractions than polar molecules. h The essential feature of a dynamic equilibrium is that the rates of opposing changes are equal. i Equilibrium vapor pressure depends on the concentration of a vapor above its own liquid. j The heat of vaporization is equal to the heat of fusion, but with opposite sign. k The boiling point of a liquid is a fixed property of the liquid. l If you break shatter an amorphous solid, it will break in straight lines, but if you break a crystalline solid, it will break in curved lines. m Ionic crystals are seldom soluble in water. n Molecular crystals are nearly always soluble in water. o The numerical value of heat of vaporization is always larger than the numerical value of heat of condensation. p The units of heat of fusion are kJ/gC. q The temperature of water drops while it is freezing. r Specific heat is conerned with a change in temperature.

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