The Respiratory System Examine an H&E slide of a transverse section of the trachea or main bronchus, and respond to the following. 1. Give the three major layers in its wall from within outwards. i. ii. ii. 2. At high power fucus on the the apical surface of the epithelium,what structures are there? 3. What is function of the apical cell surface structures?
The Respiratory System
Examine an H&E slide of a transverse section of the trachea or main bronchus, and respond to the following.
1. Give the three major layers in its wall from within outwards.
i.
ii.
ii.
2. At high power fucus on the the apical surface of the epithelium,what structures are there?
3. What is function of the apical cell surface structures?
4. Still at a high power, how many nuclear (cell) layers can you observe?
5. Why is the epithelium called pseudostratified?
6. Look for goblet cells; what three functions do mucus produced by these cells serve?
i.
ii.
iii.
7. Besides globlet cells, what other four types of cells are present in the epithelium?
I.
ii.
iii.
iv.
8. The epithelium is supported by a lamina priopria of loose connective tissue. Which two connective tissue fibres occur in this sub-layer?
i.
ii.
9. The presence of seromucous glands indicates the submucosal layer. What function is served by secretions of these glands?
10. The presence of the cartilage indicates the position of adventitia in the wall of the trachea. What is the function of the cartilage?
11. Look for the muscle that joins the free ends of the cartilage. What type of muscle is it?
12. What is the name of this muscle?
13. When the muscle contracts, what happens to the diameter of the trachea?
14. Give one common real-life purpose that is served by the contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the trachea.
Examine a slide of the lung, and give appropriate response to the following.
15. List three segment of the of purely conducting air passageways that can be seen in this section.
I.
ii.
iii.
16. List three segments of respiratory air passageways that have walls, which can be seen in this section.
i.
ii.
iii.
17. Look for a bronchiole, identifying it by the undulating appearance of the epithelium and total lack of cartilage in its wall. What causes that undulating pattern of it's epithelium?
18. At high power, focus on an inter-alveolar wall and list the components of the blood-air barrier to that can be seen.
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