The reservoir's water flow traverses a 15-meter-long spillway, lowering the water's height from 83 meters to 81.5 meters, with the crest elevation at 80 meters, in 30 minutes. Apply C = 1.84. A) What is the reservoir's area? B) How long does it take to extract water from an elevation of 83 m/80.2 m?  C) After 20 minutes, what is the water's ultimate elevation?

Water flows in a horizontal, rectangular channel initially 10 feet wide and 2 feet deep. The initial velocity is 6 ft/s. This flow encounters downstream a simultaneous downward step and constriction. No energy losses are associated with these changes in channel configuration. a. What is the specific discharge, q: i. Upstream (for w= 10 feet)? ii. Downstream (for w = 6 feet)? b. What specific energy, E, is associated with the flow as initially specified (at the upstream location)? c. What is the minimum energy needed to pass the full discharge at the downstream location? d. What is the height (Az) of the smallest downward step necessary for the upstream flow conditions to remain as specified?

Water is drawn from an intake tower in Lake Ontario through a 3-km long precast reinforced concrete pipeline (Hazen-William’s C = 120) and delivered to the wet well of a low lift pumping station on shore which in turn supplies a water treatment plant. The pumping station is sized to deliver and will be operating at the maximum day flow rate of 2.65 m3/s. (a) If the design water elevation in the wet well is 70 m when the lake level is 74 m above MSL, determine the most economical pipe size for the intake (neglect local losses). (b) Compare the entrance and exit losses to the pipe friction losses to justify the assumption in (a). The entrance and exit loss coefficients can be assumed to be 1. (c) Sketch the hydraulic and energy grade lines. (d) Explain what would happen if the intake pipeline’s capacity was reduced but the pumping station is still operating at the same flow rate.