The relative benefits of synchronous data replication and partitioning must be discussed.

In a clustered storage environment, how do directories manage distributed file metadata and ensure coherent file views?

Parallel database systems maintain copies of each data item (or division) on many nodes, which is known as redundancy.If copies of data items allocated to a node are distributed throughout many other nodes rather than maintaining all copies in the same node, explain why this is the preferred method. (or a collection of nodes)The benefits and cons of using RAID storage as opposed to storing an extra copy of each data item is discussed in detail in Section B. b.

Discuss memory fragmentation and its implications on system efficiency. What strategies can be employed to mitigate fragmentation issues?