The pure water flux of a membrane with a diameter of 7.5 cm has to be determined  as a function of the applied pressure (see Table). The following results are obtained. Determine the water permeability coefficient by means of a graph

The Debye radius in a solution with an ionic strength of 75.0 mol/m3 was determined to be 0.301 nm. a. If all factors remain constant, but an ionic strength of 15.0 mol/m3 is used instead of 75.0 mol/m3, calculate the Debye radius. b. Which condition is more favorable for particle-particle attachment?

Aluminum atoms are to be diffused into a silicon wafer using both predeposition and drive-in heat treatments; the background concentration of Al in this silicon material is known to be 2.5 x 101⁹ atoms/m³. The drive-in diffusion treatment is to be carried out at 1050°C for a period of 4.0 h, which gives a junction depth x; of 3.0 μm. Compute the predeposition diffusion time at 950°C if the surface concentration is maintained at a constant level of 2 x 1025 atoms/m³. For the diffusion of Al in Si, values of Qd and Do are 3.41 eV and 1.38 x 10-4 m²/s, respectively. min