The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility states that a forward reaction and a reversereaction taking place under the same conditions (as in an equilibrium) must follow thesame reaction pathway in microscopic detail. The reverse of the Fischer esterificationis the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester. Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzedhydrolysis of ethyl benzoate, PhCOOCH2CH3

which is the product formed when thus compound is hydrolized in aqueous acid   Please don't provide handwriting solution

H₂C OEt H₂C OEt 1. NaOEt, EtOH 2. H₂O* H₂C EtOH OEt Esters, like aldehydes and ketones, are weakly acidic. Treatment of an ester with 1 equivalent of a strong base, such as sodium ethoxide, causes a reversible carbonyl condensation to occur that forms a ẞ-ketoester. This reaction is known as the Claisen condensation. The tetrahedral intermediate thus formed expels an alkoxide leaving group to give an acyl substitution product, a ẞ-ketoester. The steps leading up to this point are all reversible. The best yields for the Claisen condensation are obtained when the starting ester has more than one acidic a-hydrogen. In these cases, a second deprotonation of the a-carbon drives the reaction equilibrium toward the product, thus requiring a full equivalent of base instead of a catalytic amount. Subsequent protonation with dilute aqueous acid resultsn a high yield of the final product. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing…

27) Give the products of the reaction and provide a step-by-step mechanism for the formation of the products. O not + H₂O HCI

Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid as shown below, functions in the blood at an optimum pH of 7.0-7.5. Which of the following will lower the rate of carbonic anhydrase- catalyzed reaction? CO2 + H2O Carbonic anhydrase H₂CO3 O increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide O running the reaction at 4 °C carrying out the reaction at pH 7.2 O adding more carbonic anhydrase

provide products

Give the chemical mechanisims for these organic reactions oid ง KOH, H₂NNH h. hu Br