The Physicians' Health Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 22,071 apparently healthy male physicians.  Subjects were randomized into two groups: one group took a buffered aspirin every other day and the other was given a placebo. The average follow-up during the aspirin component of the trial was 60.2 months. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to therapy during the trial were assessed by questionnaire. Cardiovascular outcomes were reported by questionnaire and confirmed by record review by an Endpoints Committee. Among those taking the aspirin, 104 heart attacks (with five deaths) occurred compared to 189 heart attacks ­18 of them fatal ­ among those taking the placebo. The study was terminated early, due principally to a 44% reduction in the risk of a first myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following are NOT a reason(s) to use a placebo in this trial? Select all that apply. To ensure the ethical review board will approve the study Improves the comparability of compliance and follow-up in the groups To reduce costs in a trial To make sure observed improvements in the outcome are not due to effects other than the treatment

Table 2: DCMU     Time (min) A600 Control "Low" DCMU "High" DCMU 0 1.200 1.300 1.300 2 1.000 1.100 1.300 4 0.730 0.960 1.300 6 0.430 0.850 1.300 8 0.330 0.720 1.300 10 0.310 0.560 1.300 12 0.300 0.520 1.300 The negative control is "high" dcmu. 3. Why do we need this negative control for Part 2?

Question:- 1). you are asked to compare the outputs and costs of two cardiac interventions that affect the severity of the illness and the patient’s survival rate .which evaluation method would you see and why?

What is the implications of not meeting the benchmark for the two patient indentifiers?

how do you understand the result of attributable risk calculation? I got b. Calculate the attributable risk of Lung Cancer from smoking. (4 points) A: 0.0016 IR for smokers -0.00007IR for non smokers = 0.00153 AR. I have no idea how to interpret this c. Interpret the results. (2 points)

Consider each of the following endpoints and identify whether it is dichotomous (binary) or continuous: Group of answer choices Diastolic Blood Pressure 3 months after beginning medication   A。Binary B。continuous                                                  Diagnosis: patient does/does not have cancer   A。Binary B。continuous                                                  Patient achieves normal diastolic blood pressure within 30 days of starting a drug, or not   A。Binary B。continuous                                                  FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second—the amount of air expelled from a patient against pressure within 1 second)       A。Binary B。continuous                                               Weight loss between baseline and 6 months         A。Binary B。continuous                                             Concentration of hemoglobin in a blood sample       A。Binary B。continuous…

Please answer the first question

Refer to the table above. Patient A exhibits normal, healthy values at rest.   Given the EDV and CO in patient E, what would you predict about this patient? A. This patient would have an ESV under 80 B. Two choices are true C. This patient is in diastolic heart failure D. This patient is an exercise trained individual E. Three choices are true

Please help with this question, more than one answer may be correct:This figure show the relationship between cocaine dose and mean arterial blood pressure (left pane) and heart rate (right panel) in the squirrel monkey. Values shown (y-axis) are percent change in the parameter from a baseline measurement. Brackets show the range of parameter change after a control injection. Which of the following are true give the data in this graph? These squirrels obviously went on a rampage. (hint: don't pick this one) At 3.0 mg/kg of cocaine, increase in heart rate can not completely account for the increase in mean arterial blood pressure. At 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg doses of cocaine, either heart stroke volume or total peripheral resistance (or both) must be lower than at baseline. At 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg doses of cocaine, heart stroke volume and total peripheral resistance must both be higher than at baseline. At 3.0 mg/kg of cocaine, increase in heart rate could completely account for the…

write a summary :Currently used animal and cellular models for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) only partially recapitulate its pathophysiology in humans and are thus inadequate in reproducing the hallmarks of the disease, inconsistent in portraying the sex-disparity, and unyielding to combinatorial study designs. Here we sought to deploy the ingenuity of microengineering in developing and validating a tissue chip model for human PAH. We designed and fabricated a microfluidic device to emulate the luminal, intimal, medial, adventitial, and perivascular layers of a pulmonary artery. By growing three types of pulmonary arterial cells (PACs)-endothelial, smooth muscle, and adventitial cells, we recreated the PAH pathophysiology on the device. Diseased (PAH) PACs, when grown on the chips, moved of out their designated layers and created phenomena similar to the major pathologies of human PAH: intimal thickening, muscularization, and arterial remodeling and show an endothelial to…