The negative effects of ambient air pollution on children's lung function has been well established, but less research is available about the impact of indoor air pollution. The authors of an article investigated the relationship between indoor air-pollution metrics and lung function growth among children ages 6-13 years living in four Chinese cities. For each subject in the study, the authors measured an important lung-capacity index known as FEV,, the forced volume (in ml) of air that is exhaled in 1 second. Higher FEV, values are associated with greater lung capacity. Among the children in the study, 518 came from households that used coal for cooking or heating or both. Their FEV, mean was 1427 with a standard deviation of 327. (A complex statistical procedure was used to show that burning coal had a clear negative effect on mean FEV, levels.) (a) Calculate and interpret a 95% (two-sided) confidence interval for true average FEV, level in the population of all children from which the sample was selected. (Round your answers to one decimal place.) Interpret the resulting interval. O we are 95% confident that this interval does not contain the true population mean. O we are 95% confident that this interval contains the true population mean. O we are 95% confident that the true population mean lies below this interval. O we are 95% confident that the true population mean lies above this interval. Does it appear that the parameter of interest has been accurately estimated? O This interval is quite wide relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has not been accurately estimated. • This interval is quite narrow relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has been accurately estimated. O This interval is quite narrow relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has not been accurately estimated. O This interval is quite wide relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has been accurately estimated.
The negative effects of ambient air pollution on children's lung function has been well established, but less research is available about the impact of indoor air pollution. The authors of an article investigated the relationship between indoor air-pollution metrics and lung function growth among children ages 6-13 years living in four Chinese cities. For each subject in the study, the authors measured an important lung-capacity index known as FEV,, the forced volume (in ml) of air that is exhaled in 1 second. Higher FEV, values are associated with greater lung capacity. Among the children in the study, 518 came from households that used coal for cooking or heating or both. Their FEV, mean was 1427 with a standard deviation of 327. (A complex statistical procedure was used to show that burning coal had a clear negative effect on mean FEV, levels.) (a) Calculate and interpret a 95% (two-sided) confidence interval for true average FEV, level in the population of all children from which the sample was selected. (Round your answers to one decimal place.) Interpret the resulting interval. O we are 95% confident that this interval does not contain the true population mean. O we are 95% confident that this interval contains the true population mean. O we are 95% confident that the true population mean lies below this interval. O we are 95% confident that the true population mean lies above this interval. Does it appear that the parameter of interest has been accurately estimated? O This interval is quite wide relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has not been accurately estimated. • This interval is quite narrow relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has been accurately estimated. O This interval is quite narrow relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has not been accurately estimated. O This interval is quite wide relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has been accurately estimated.
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**Understanding the Impact of Indoor Air Pollution on Children's Lung Function**
Research into the negative effects of ambient air pollution on children's lung function is well established, yet the effects of indoor air pollution remain less understood. A recent study explores this relationship, focusing on children aged 6-13 from four different Chinese cities. This study highlights the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV₁) as a critical lung capacity index, where higher FEV₁ values indicate a greater lung capacity.
In this study, among 518 children who came from households using coal for cooking or heating, the mean FEV₁ was found to be 1427 with a standard deviation of 327. Additionally, statistical analysis showed that burning coal had a clear negative effect on FEV₁ levels.
**Statistical Analysis:**
**(a) Calculating and Interpreting a 95% Confidence Interval for FEV₁:**
- **Interval Calculation:**
- Lower Bound: (blank space)
- Upper Bound: (blank space)
- **Interpretation:**
- "We are 95% confident that this interval contains the true population mean." (Selected Option)
**Evaluating Estimate Accuracy:**
- Two options suggest that the interval is narrow relative to the scale of data values, which could indicate accurate estimation. The selected option states:
- "This interval is quite narrow relative to the scale of the data values themselves, so it could be argued that the mean has been accurately estimated."
**(b) Sample Size Determination:**
- Assuming an initial guess of 330 for the mean before data collection:
- To achieve a confidence interval width of 50 ml at a 95% confidence level, the necessary sample size is (blank space) children.
Through this research, the impact of coal use for indoor purposes on children's respiratory health is more clearly defined, providing valuable insights for public health initiatives and future studies.
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**Note:** Values for the confidence interval and sample size should be calculated and filled in based on the relevant statistical formulas and data provided in the study.
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